Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis severe group and mild to moderate group.
| Clinical characteristics | Total | Mild to moderate group | Severe group | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 161) | (n = 78) | (n = 83) | ||
| Age at onset, years, median (IQR) | 25 (16–37) | 27 (17.75–42) | 24 (15–33) | 0.283 |
| Gender, female, n (%) | 73 (45.34) | 29 (37.18) | 44 (53.01) | 0.044* |
| Hospital stays, days, median (IQR) | 26 (18–41) | 24 (17.75–35.25) | 32 (18–48) | 0.025* |
| ICU admission, n (%) | 88 (54.66) | 18 (23.08) | 70 (84.34) | <0.001* |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 14 (8.70) | 9 (11.54) | 5 (6.02) | 0.215 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 4 (2.48) | 2 (2.56) | 2 (2.41) | 1 |
| Decreased level of consciousness, n (%) | 74 (45.96) | 8 (10.26) | 66 (79.52) | <0.001* |
| Abnormal (psychiatric) behavior, n (%) | 121 (75.16) | 47 (60.26) | 74 (89.16) | <0.001* |
| Cognitive dysfunction, n (%) | 73 (45.34) | 34 (43.59) | 39 (46.99) | 0.665 |
| Speech dysfunction, n (%) | 72 (44.72) | 29 (37.18) | 43 (51.81) | 0.062 |
| Movement disorder, n (%) | 62 (38.51) | 17 (21.79) | 45 (54.22) | <0.001* |
| Seizures, n (%) | 105 (65.22) | 45 (57.69) | 60 (72.29) | 0.052 |
| Autonomic dysfunction, n (%) | 48 (29.81) | 15 (19.23) | 33 (39.76) | 0.004* |
| PT, mean ± SD (s) | 11.08 ± 1.16 | 10.84 ± 0.89 | 11.25 ± 1.31 | 0.027* |
| APTT, median (IQR; s) | 28.75 (26.13–31.43) | 29.4 (27.275–32) | 28.1 (25.675–31.325) | 0.068 |
| Fibrinogen, median (IQR; g/L) | 2.85 (2.40–3.41) | 2.88 (2.25–3.51) | 2.85 (2.45–3.25) | 0.266 |
| TT, median (IQR; s) | 14.45 (13.30–15.93) | 14.60 (13.23–16.00) | 14.40 (13.45–15.75) | 0.351 |
| D-dimer, median (IQR; mg/L) | 0.15 (0.08–0.40) | 0.10 (0.05–0.19) | 0.22 (0.12–0.54) | <0.001* |
| WBC, median (IQR; 109/L) | 8.53 (6.60–11.58) | 7.70 (6.05–9.50) | 9.70 (7.32–12.90) | <0.001* |
| RBC, mean ± SD (1012/L) | 4.35 ± 0.53 | 4.39 ± 0.54 | 4.31 ± 0.52 | 0.307 |
| Hemoglobin, median (IQR; g/L) | 130.30 (119.03–139.75) | 134.00 (125.15–144.60) | 128.00 (119.00–135.00) | 0.026* |
| Platelet, median (IQR; 109/L) | 239.5 (197–307.75) | 245 (199.5–307.5) | 238 (192–310) | 0.489 |
| Neutrophil, median (IQR; 109/L) | 6.13 (3.98–8.89) | 4.80 (3.59–7.45) | 7.50 (4.70–10.80) | <0.001* |
| Lymphocyte, median (IQR; 109/L) | 1.56 (1.13–2.20) | 1.70 (1.40–2.23) | 1.43 (0.78–2.05) | 0.002* |
| Monocytes, median (IQR; 109/L) | 0.56 (0.43–0.75) | 0.52 (0.42–0.70) | 0.59 (0.45–0.77) | 0.249 |
| Eosinophils, median (IQR; 109/L) | 0.04 (0.01–0.10) | 0.06 (0.03–0.13) | 0.02 (0.01–0.07) | <0.001* |
| Basophil, median (IQR; 109/L) | 0.03 (0.01–0.04) | 0.03 (0.02–0.05) | 0.03 (0.01–0.04) | 0.055 |
| Calcium, median (IQR; mmol/L) | 2.29 (2.21–2.38) | 2.31 (2.26–2.42) | 2.26 (2.17–2.35) | 0.003* |
| CRP, median (IQR; mg/L) | 1.73 (0.79–7.03) | 1.50 (0.50–5.00) | 2.61 (1.00–8.32) | 0.017* |
| Initial m-RS score, median (IQR) | 4 (3–5) | 3 (2–3) | 5 (4–5) | <0.001* |
| Discharge m-RS score, median (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–4) | <0.001* |
| MRI abnormality, n (%) | 62 (44.60) | 31 (44.29) | 31 (44.93) | 0.939 |
| First-line immunotherapy, n (%) | 156 (96.89) | 75 (96.15) | 81 (97.59) | 0.957 |
| Second-line immunotherapy, n (%) | 9 (5.59) | 3 (3.85) | 6 (7.23) | 0.497 |
| Long-time immunotherapy, n (%) | 15 (9.32) | 7 (8.97) | 8 (9.64) | 0.885 |
Normally distributed variables were presented as mean ± SD and compared using t-tests. Non-normally distributed variables were presented as medians (IQR = 25–75th percentile) and were contrasted using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Categorical variables were described as number (percentage), and the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for comparison between groups. Severe group, patients with an initial m-RS score of >3 at admission; mild-to-moderate group, patients with an initial m-RS score ≤ 3.
Anti-NMDAR encephalitis, anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis; ICU, intensive care unit; PT, prothrombin time; APTT, activated partial thrombin time; TT, thrombin time; WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell; CRP, C-reaction protein; m-RS, modified Rankin Scale scores.
p < 0.05.