TABLE 1—
Best-Fit Logistic Regression Models Examining Odds of COVID-19 Test Requests and Completions as Part of the NJ HEROES TOO Study (Among Participants Who Completed a Questionnaire): New Jersey, 2021
| Covariate | Requested Testa (n = 1 099), OR (95% CI) | Completed Testb (n = 403), OR (95% CI) |
| CBO (ref: HCO) | 0.58 (0.31, 1.09) | 0.45 (0.17, 1.23) |
| Age group, y (ref: 17–39) | ||
| < 17 | 1.55 (1.03, 2.32) | 0.50 (0.22, 1.15) |
| 40–59 | 1.86 (1.14, 3.00) | 1.17 (0.56, 2.43) |
| ≥ 60 | 2.03 (1.11, 3.78) | 3.36 (1.35, 8.38) |
| Race (ref: Latino, non-Black) | ||
| Black, non-Latino | 1.82 (1.28, 2.56) | 2.65 (1.47, 4.79) |
| Latino and Black | 0.64 (0.39, 1.04) | 1.76 (0.67, 4.63) |
| Survey materials in Spanish (ref: in English) | 3.02 (1.17, 7.81) | |
| Male (ref: not male) | 0.70 (0.51, 0.96) | |
| Income, $ (ref: 0–25 000) | ||
| 26 000–50 000 | 0.77 (0.48, 1.22) | 0.88 (0.42, 1.85) |
| 51 000–75 000 | 0.45 (0.27, 0.76) | 0.70 (0.26, 1.91) |
| 76 000–99 999 | 0.41 (0.2, 0.82) | 0.45 (0.15, 1.32) |
| ≥ 100 000 | 0.45 (0.22, 0.93) | 0.56 (0.18, 1.76) |
| Education (adults; ref: ≤ high school) | ||
| Some college | 1.02 (0.63, 1.63) | 1.53 (0.69, 3.37) |
| Bachelor’s degree | 0.88 (0.52, 1.48) | 2.04 (0.88, 4.71) |
| Master’s/professional degree | 1.46 (0.78, 2.77) | 1.86 (0.63, 5.52) |
| Insurance (adults; ref: private) | ||
| None | 2.25 (1.09, 4.62) | 1.42 (0.37, 5.40) |
| Public | 1.60 (1.09, 2.36) | 3.27 (1.50, 7.04) |
| Employment status (adults; ref: essential worker) | ||
| Nonessential worker | 1.31 (0.84, 2.05) | |
| Unemployed | 1.05 (0.58, 1.90) | |
| Not in labor force | 1.93 (1.14, 3.29) | |
| Body mass index (adults; ref: ≤ 25 kg/m2) | ||
| 25–≤ 30 (overweight) | 1.58 (0.99, 2.53) | |
| ≥ 30 (obese) | 2.32 (1.38, 3.94) | |
| Pandemic challenges (ref: none) | ||
| 1–4 (moderate problems) | 0.63 (0.42, 0.92) | 1.06 (0.55, 2.03) |
| 5–12 (major problems) | 0.37 (0.22, 0.61) | 0.39 (0.16, 0.99) |
| Wants to be vaccinated when available (ref: no) | 0.67 (0.44, 1.02) | 0.42 (0.22, 0.81) |
| Any chronic comorbidities (ref: no comorbidities) | 1.08 (0.79, 1.51) | 0.57 (0.33, 0.97) |
| Strongly agree/agree that it is easy to get tested for COVID-19 (ref: strongly disagree/disagree) | 1.52 (1.03, 2.27) | |
| COVID-19 testing history (ref: never tested) | ||
| Tested negative previously | 2.41 (1.62, 3.56) | |
| Tested positive previously | 1.92 (1.17, 3.13) | |
| Discrimination index score (ref: 0–9 [low]) | ||
| 10–18 | 0.48 (0.25, 0.91) | |
| 19–27 | 0.43 (0.18, 1.00) | |
| 28–45 (high) | 0.36 (0.07, 1.96) | |
| Trust index score (ref: 0–8 [low]) | ||
| 9–16 (moderate) | 2.16 (0.79, 5.87) | |
| 17–32 (high) | 1.39 (0.47, 4.14) | |
| Postponed medical care during pandemic (ref: did not postpone care) | 1.09 (0.54, 2.17) | |
Note. CBO = community-based organization; CI = confidence interval; HCO = health care organization; NJ HEROES TOO = New Jersey Healthcare Essential Worker OutReach and Education Study-Testing Overlooked Occupations; OR = odds ratio. Estimates from the best-fitting logistic regression models are displayed for each outcome. Variables were included in the best-fit model if they were significantly associated with the outcome, improved the model fit, or were selected for inclusion on the basis of model selection techniques, including elastic net regression and model fit parameters. Missing values were estimated via multiple imputation chained equations.
aThe denominator is all eligible participants who completed a questionnaire.
bThe denominator is all eligible participants who completed a questionnaire and requested a COVID-19 test through NJ HEROES TOO.