Table 6. Correlation coefficients among morphological, agronomic, and physiological traits of selfed (S1) population of fennel in normal (above diagonal) and water deficit condition (below diagonal).
| DG | DF | DM | PHT | FW | DW | UP | UU | SU | SYP | HI | TSW | |
| DG | 1 | 0.82** | 0.08 | 0.46* | 0.41* | 0.10 | 0.52** | 0.25 | 0.39* | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.12 |
| DF | 0.87** | 1 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.47** | 0.19 | 0.42* | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.14 |
| DM | 0.31 | 0.34 | 1 | 0.01 | -0.05 | -0.09 | 0.20 | -0.02 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.28 | -0.01 |
| PHT | 0.48** | 0.41* | 0.11 | 1 | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.25 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.31 | 0.16 | -0.34 |
| FW | 0.24 | 0.35 | 0.42* | 0.13 | 1 | 0.32 | 0.50** | -0.02 | 0.02 | 0.35 | 0.14 | 0.27 |
| DW | -0.18 | -0.15 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.44* | 1 | -0.13 | -0.13 | -0.06 | 0.21 | -0.56** | -0.09 |
| UP | 0.58** | 0.46* | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.04 | -0.22 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.24 | 0.47** | 0.51** | 0.36 |
| UU | 0.20 | 0.28 | -0.16 | 0.06 | -0.38* | -0.35 | 0.23 | 1 | 0.11 | -0.20 | -0.01 | -0.12 |
| SU | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.12 | -0.07 | -0.01 | 0.03 | 0.35 | 0.33 | 1 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.08 |
| SYP | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.37* | 0.33 | 0.45* | -0.18 | 0.02 | 1 | 0.64** | 0.15 |
| HI | 0.48** | 0.41* | -0.02 | 0.05 | 0.06 | -0.47** | 0.67** | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.61** | 1 | 0.20 |
| TSW | -0.07 | -0.24 | -0.03 | -0.36 | -0.11 | -0.04 | 0.02 | -0.24 | -0.19 | -0.12 | 0.03 | 1 |
| EOC | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.26 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.13 | -0.01 | -0.23 | 0.03 | -0.03 | -0.10 | 0.02 |
| SL | -0.12 | 0.04 | 0.04 | -0.13 | -0.06 | 0.16 | -0.09 | 0.12 | 0.11 | -0.01 | -0.08 | -0.07 |
| SW | -0.16 | -0.17 | -0.31 | -0.13 | -0.03 | -0.01 | -0.08 | 0.04 | -0.15 | -0.03 | -0.07 | 0.21 |
| RWC | -0.08 | -0.07 | 0.17 | -0.03 | 0.03 | 0.00 | -0.05 | -0.18 | -0.23 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| PRO | -0.08 | -0.28 | -0.54** | 0.07 | -0.05 | 0.01 | 0.13 | -0.10 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.07 | -0.04 |
| Chl a | 0.41* | 0.42* | 0.19 | -0.07 | 0.22 | -0.21 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.33 | -0.09 | 0.18 | -0.06 |
| Chl b | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.13 | -0.14 | 0.08 | -0.22 | -0.06 | -0.07 | -0.02 | 0.05 | 0.20 | -0.05 |
| CAR | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.22 | -0.12 | 0.11 | -0.03 | -0.01 | -0.01 | 0.18 | -0.04 |
| TChl | 0.42* | 0.43* | 0.19 | -0.09 | 0.21 | -0.22 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.30 | -0.07 | 0.20 | -0.06 |
| Chl a/Chl b | -0.03 | -0.06 | -0.13 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 0.08 | 0.26 | 0.09 | -0.08 | -0.07 |
| TChl/CAR | -0.01 | -0.04 | -0.17 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.26 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.34 | 0.02 | -0.31 |
| EOC | SL | SW | RWC | PRO | Chl a | Chl b | CAR | TChl | Chl a/chl b | TChl/CAR | ||
| DG | -0.28 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.09 | -0.11 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.16 | 0.28 | -0.15 | 0.11 | |
| DF | -0.11 | 0.30 | 0.18 | 0.22 | -0.15 | 0.18 | 0.33 | 0.21 | 0.24 | -0.13 | 0.01 | |
| DM | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.19 | -0.17 | 0.23 | -0.13 | 0.32 | 0.17 | 0.37* | -0.10 | |
| PHT | -0.26 | -0.34 | -0.39* | 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.01 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.11 | -0.03 | |
| FW | -0.37* | 0.34 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.22 | -0.31 | 0.09 | -0.30 | -0.25 | -0.17 | -0.02 | |
| DW | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.08 | -0.15 | 0.06 | -0.12 | -0.12 | 0.06 | -0.04 | |
| UP | -0.37* | 0.32 | 0.11 | -0.09 | 0.01 | -0.13 | 0.13 | -0.22 | -0.08 | -0.06 | 0.09 | |
| UU | -0.27 | 0.01 | -0.02 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.08 | -0.25 | -0.12 | |
| SU | -0.01 | 0.43* | 0.24 | 0.02 | -0.17 | 0.19 | 0.39* | 0.04 | 0.26 | -0.31 | 0.24 | |
| SYP | -0.08 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.12 | -0.22 | -0.07 | -0.34 | -0.21 | 0.04 | 0.08 | |
| HI | -0.25 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.04 | -0.01 | -0.09 | -0.15 | -0.22 | -0.12 | 0.05 | 0.08 | |
| TSW | 0.04 | 0.44* | 0.53** | -0.06 | -0.14 | -0.20 | 0.16 | -0.23 | -0.14 | -0.18 | 0.03 | |
| EOC | 1 | -0.08 | -0.13 | 0.03 | -0.27 | 0.11 | -0.10 | 0.23 | 0.07 | 0.18 | -0.16 | |
| SL | -0.11 | 1 | 0.53** | -0.13 | -0.27 | -0.35 | 0.19 | -0.37* | -0.26 | -0.27 | 0.02 | |
| SW | -0.44* | 0.43* | 1 | -0.04 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.50** | -0.09 | 0.17 | -0.31 | 0.33 | |
| RWC | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.33 | 1 | -0.10 | 0.36 | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.03 | 0.17 | |
| PRO | -0.27 | -0.19 | 0.38* | -0.17 | 1 | -0.24 | 0.02 | -0.15 | -0.21 | -0.12 | -0.20 | |
| Chl a | 0.41* | 0.06 | -0.07 | 0.28 | -0.21 | 1 | 0.47** | 0.86** | 0.98** | 0.13 | 0.46* | |
| Chl b | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.35 | -0.31 | 0.47** | 1 | 0.17 | 0.65** | -0.69** | 0.73** | |
| CAR | 0.39* | -0.10 | -0.39* | 0.02 | -0.22 | 0.63** | 0.20 | 1 | 0.78** | 0.34 | -0.03 | |
| TChl | 0.41* | 0.07 | -0.06 | 0.31 | -0.24 | 0.99** | 0.59** | 0.61** | 1 | -0.06 | 0.57** | |
| Chl a/Chl b | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.21 | -0.02 | 0.40* | 0.17 | -0.64** | -0.04 | 0.05 | 1 | -0.44* | |
| TChl/CAR | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.25 | 0.14 | 0.34 | -0.06 | -0.15 | -0.55** | -0.08 | 0.52** | 1 |
* and ** show significance at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
CAR, Carotenoid content; Chl a, Chlorophyll a content; Chl b, Chlorophyll b content; Chl a/Chl b, Ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b content; DF, Days to flowering; DG, Days to germination; DM, Days to maturity; DW, Plant dry weight; EOC, Essential oil content; FW, Plant fresh weight; HI, Harvest index; PHT, Plant height; PRO, Proline content; RWC, Relative water content; SL, Seed length; SU, Number of seeds per umbelets; SW, Seed width; SYP, Seed yield per plant; TChl, Total chlorophyll content; TChl/CAR, Ratio of total chlorophyll to carotenoid content; TSW, Thousand seed weight; UP, Number of umbels per plant; UU, Number of umbelets per umbel.