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. 2022 Jul 5;11(14):e025310. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.122.025310

Figure 1. Cardiac protective effects of TB‐peptide in young adult and aged mice during endotoxemia.

Figure 1

Mice were given 5 mg kg/lipopolysaccharide intraperitoneally and TB‐peptide, 16 mg/kg, was administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes post lipopolysaccharide challenge. Experiments were performed 18 hours post challenge. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography in the young adult (A, 5/group) and aged (B, 6/group) mice. Circulating cytokine levels were measured in blood serum prepared from the young adult (C, 5/group) and aged (D, 5/group) groups by ELISA. In harvested heart tissue, autophagy marker LC3II was detected by Western blot using the total tissue lysates, and signals were quantified by densitometry (E, 5/group). Levels of lactate were quantified in the heart tissue lysates (F, 5/group). All data were expressed as mean±SEM of at least 3 independent experiments. Data were analyzed by 2‐way ANOVA with post hoc test for comparisons of multiple groups and Student t test for comparisons between 2 groups using GraphPad Prism software. Differences were considered statistically significant as P≤0.05. Significant differences are shown as * for sham vs lipopolysaccharide and ** for with vs without the treatment of TB‐peptide (A through E) or for difference between age groups (F). IFN indicates interferon; IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; and TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha.