Figure 4.

Associations of 2‐year step volume and changes in lipid‐related biomarkers.

Figures show sex‐specific, nonlinear associations of 2‐year steps as steps/d (x‐axis) and 2‐year changes of HDL‐c (mg/dL), LDL‐c (mg/dL), and triglyceride (mg/dL) (each: y‐axis). These associations were assessed by generalized additive models with cubic spline functions of 2‐year steps, adjusted for age, BMI, current smoking, alcohol drinking, use of lipid‐lowering drugs, glucose‐lowering drugs and antihypertensives at baseline health check‐up, baseline steps, and months between baseline and follow‐up health check‐ups; and additionally for the related lipid biomarker with respect to each outcome. Gray shadows show the 95% CIs. BMI indicates body mass index; HDL‐c, HDL‐cholesterol; LDL‐c, LDL‐cholesterol; and TG, triglyceride.