Table 1.
Characteristics of the Patients With ACMP, Anthracycline‐Treated Controls, and Patients With DCM
| Characteristic | Controls (n=29) | Patients with ACMP (n=28) | Patients with DCM (n=29) | P value for ACMP‐controls | P value for DCM‐ACMP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 14 (48.3) | 13 (46.4) | 24 (82.8) | 1 | 0.006 |
| Age at cancer diagnosis, y | 7.97 (4.03–11.82) | 8.30 (3.52– 13.11) | NA | 0.936 | NA |
| Age at blood sampling, y | 43.30 (34.71–46.97) | 37.63 (30.26–45.30) | 56.00 (39.00–64.00) | 0.271 | <0.001 |
| Time since cancer diagnosis, y | 29.44 (24.13–32.33) | 25.35 (18.85–30.21) | NA | 0.107 | NA |
| Primary cancer diagnosis | NA | 0.671 | |||
| Leukemias | 8 (27.6) | 5 (17.9) | NA | ||
| Lymphomas | 11 (37.9) | 10 (35.7) | NA | ||
| Neuroblastoma | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.6) | NA | ||
| Renal tumors | 3 (10.3) | 2 (7.1) | NA | ||
| Bone tumors | 3 (10.3) | 7 (25.0) | NA | ||
| Soft tissue sarcomas | 3 (10.3) | 3 (10.7) | NA | ||
| Germ cell tumors | 1 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) | NA | ||
| Anthracyclines | 27 (93.1) | 23 (82.1) | NA | 0.253 | NA |
| Anthracycline cumulative dose, mg/m2 * | 300.00 (216.00–400.00) | 360.00 (169.00–462.50) | NA | 0.626 | NA |
| Mitoxantrone | 7 (24.1) | 7 (25.0) | NA | 1 | NA |
| Mitoxantrone dose, mg/m2 | 50.00 (40.00–102.00) | 120.00 (50.00–121.00) | NA | 0.299 | NA |
| Chest RT | 2 (20.0) | 3 (20.0) | NA | 0.670 | NA |
| Chest RT cumulative dose, Gy | 20.00 (20.00–20.00) | 25.00 (19.50–37.50) | NA | 0.554 | NA |
| DCM‐causing mutation | NA | NA | |||
| Titin | NA | NA | 23 (79.3) | NA | NA |
| Lamin A/C | NA | NA | 6 (21.7) | NA | NA |
| Heart failure | 0 (0.0) | 8 (28.6) | 22 (75.9) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Cardiac medication(s) | 3 (10.3) | 16 (57.1) | 29 (100) | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 1 (3.4) | 2 (7.1) | 9 (31.0) | 0.611 | 0.051 |
| Diabetes | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (6.9) | NA | 0.491 |
| Hypertension | 1 (3.4) | 2 (7.1) | 6 (20.7) | 0.611 | 0.253 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 125.5 (16.1) | 117.1 (19.8) | 114.9 (18.4) | 0.086 | 0.669 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 78.8 (10.1) | 72.9 (15.5) | 72.7 (13.3) | 0.093 | 0.962 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 69.2 (14.4) | 71.2 (12.6) | 69.3 (8.3) | 0.582 | 0.509 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.1 (4.6) | 25.0 (4.9) | 26.3 (4.2) | 0.926 | 0.301 |
| Biplane LVEF, % | 58.1 (3.2) | 40.6 (5.8) | 37.0 (7.5) | <0.001 | 0.045 |
| LVIDd, cm | 4.6 (0.6) | 5.2 (0.7) | 6.2 (0.8) | 0.003 | <0.001 |
Categorical values are presented as number (percentage). Continuous values are presented as median (interquartile range). ACMP indicates anthracycline‐related cardiomyopathy; BMI, body mass index; bpm, beats per minute; Chest RT, chest‐directed radiotherapy; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVIDd, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; and NA, not applicable.
*
Doxorubicin equivalents (daunorubicin*0.6+epirubicin*0.8+idarubicin*3).