Table 2.

Participants’ (N = 168) Characteristics

Variable	Mean (SD) or Frequency
Age	62 (12) years
Sex	96 males, 72 females
Handedness	149 right, 14 left, 5 ambidextrous
Education	15.3 (2.9) years
Race	141 White, 18 African American, 5 Hispanic/Latino, 2 Asian, 1 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 1 Mixed
Time post-onset	5.4 (5.0) years
WAB-R AQ (max = 100)	75 (16.7)
BNT (max = 15)	7.9 (4.3)
VNT (max = 22)	16 (5.7)
WAB-R type	61 Anomic, 35 Broca, 32 Conduction, 11 Wernicke, 8 Transcortical motor, 21 not aphasic*

Note: BNT – Boston Naming Test-Second Edition (Kaplan et al., 2001); VNT – Verb Naming Test (Cho-Reyes & Thompson, 2012); WAB-R – Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (Kertesz, 2007); AQ – Aphasia Quotient.

^*“not aphasic” refers to participants whose WAB-R AQ was above the test battery’s “normal or nonaphasic” cutoff of 93.8 but who still considered themselves (and were considered by their clinicians) to demonstrate aphasia.