Fig. 5. Nano-MgB₂ inhibited LPS- and dead bacteria-induced inflammation in Macrophage.

a QPCR of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in Raw 264.7 cells treated with 100 ng/mL LPS with 50 and 200 μg/mL Nano-MgB₂ for 3 h (n = 3 biological independent cells). b QPCR of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in Raw 264.7 cells treated with 5 × 10⁷ dead bacteria (HIB, heat-inhibited bacteria, P. aeruginosa) with 50 and 200 μg/mL Nano-MgB₂ for 3 h (n = 3 biological independent cells). c Western Blot of pP38/P38, pErk/Erk, and pJNK/JNK in Raw 264.7 cells treated as in (a) for 15 min. Western Blot of pP38/P38, pErk/Erk, and pJNK/JNK in Raw 264.7 cells treated as in (b) for 15 min. d, e Quantitative analysis of (c) by grayscale scanning using Image J software (n = 3 in each group). f Schematic illustration of the mechanism by which Nano-MgB₂ inhibits dead bacteria or LPS-induced inflammation. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments with similar results. Values are the mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post test was used to analyze multiple groups. Source data are provided as a Source data file.