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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 29.
Published in final edited form as: Pediatrics. 2021 Sep;148(3):e2020024091. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-024091

TABLE 3.

Newborn Complication Types by Race and Ethnicity and Morbidity Ranking of the Delivery Hospitals

All Complications, by Race and Ethnicity and Risk-Standardized Morbidity Rate of the Delivery Hospital, Rate per 1000 Births
Race and Ethnicity Neonatal Deatha Respiratory Neurologic and/or Birth Injury Infection Neonatal Transferb Shock and/or Resuscitation Length of Stay >5 d With No Listed Complicationc
Tertile 1 (lowest risk-standardized hospital neonatal morbidity rates)
 Non-Hispanic white 0.1 19.7 4.1 3.6 0.8 0.2 1.0
 Non-Hispanic Black 0.3 27.9 5.7 5.8 1.0 0.1 8.7
 Hispanic 0.1 22.8 4.8 5.8 0.9 0.1 4.8
 Non-Hispanic Asian American 0.1 16.0 3.9 4.7 1.1 0.1 2.8
Tertile 2
 Non-Hispanic white 0.0 30.6 4.0 6.3 0.5 0.1 5.9
 Non-Hispanic Black 0.2 33.8 5.3 10.0 1.9 0.0 13.0
 Hispanic 0.4 29.6 6.9 7.8 1.3 0.2 9.6
 Non-Hispanic Asian American 0.0 25.3 4.3 5.9 1.5 0.1 10.2
Tertile 3 (highest risk-standardized hospital neonatal morbidity rates)
 Non-Hispanic white 0.1 45.3 5.5 11.4 0.8 0.1 8.2
 Non-Hispanic Black 0.2 66.7 8.4 33.5 1.6 0.3 17.8
 Hispanic 0.2 43.4 9.6 19.4 1.4 0.2 11.4
 Non-Hispanic Asian American 0.1 47.5 7.0 19.7 1.9 0.1 12.1

Complications were classified by using the unexpected complications in term newborns algorithm, available from the California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative at https://www.cmqcc.org/focus-areas/quality-metrics/unexpected-complications-term-newborns/.

a

Death within 28 d of birth.

b

Transfer to a higher level of care.

c

Infant length of stay >5 days, no neonatal complication coded on discharge record, and no codes for jaundice and phototherapy or social reasons for extended length of stay.