FIGURE 3.

Frames captured from videos of focal seizure with limb contraction in Pomeranian dogs with idiopathic epilepsy or epilepsy of unknown cause. (A‐C) Pomeranians displaying abnormal contraction of a left thoracic limb that causes short‐term posturing. (A) Left‐sided forced head turn (versive head movement) also was observed. (B) This dog showed left thoracic limb tonic posturing that was sustained for approximately 15 seconds. (C) Short‐term posturing of a left thoracic limb. The left‐sided lip seems to be upturned because the dog showed licking before and after this frame was captured. Ictal videos of these 3 dogs are available as Video S1. All 3 dogs showed concurrent symptoms such as immobility, generalized tremors, orofacial signs, and difficulty walking or moving during the ictal event, which also can be seen in Video S1