Table 1. Parameters representing the group, cumulative dose of doxorubicin and the main echocardiographic variables compared over time.
| Pre (day 0) | 7 d | 21 d | 60 d | 120 d | 180 d | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | |
| M/F | 5/7 | 5/7 | 5/7 | 5/7 | 5/7 | 5/7 | |
| Cumulative dose of doxorubicin (mg/kg) | 0 |
1 (0.88–1) |
1 (0.88–2) |
2 (1.74–3) |
4 (2.6–5) |
6 (3.45–6) |
|
| Emitral (cm/s) |
72.95 (49.0–123.0) |
70.20 (51.60–115.0) |
71.45 (56.50–122.0) |
76.45 (53.40–111.0) |
72.95 (51.40–105.0) |
69.65 (43.90–139.0) |
0.6281 |
|
Amitral (cm/s) |
87.20 (70.10–103) |
87.05 (53.80–113.0) |
81.05 (53.80–114.0) |
84.15 (47.60–95.50 |
78.70 (61.30–108.0) |
75.20 (49.60–173.0) |
0.6219 |
| E:A |
0.84 (0.58–1.28) |
0.90 (0.57–1.18) |
0.95 (0.64–1.50) |
0.94 (0.57–1.80) |
0.95 (0.60–1.30) |
0.92 (0.50–1.70) |
0.772 |
| IVRT (ms) |
63.33 (±9.92) |
65.42 (±13.71) |
62.25 (±7.68) |
66.33 (±9.71) |
65.0 (±14.23) |
69.83 (±10.33) |
0.3426 |
| LA/Ao |
1.15 ab (1.08–1.40) |
1.14a (1.0–1.38) |
1.29b (1.06–1.56) |
1.30b (1.10–1.53) |
1.23ab (1.0–1.67) |
1.27ab (1.0–1.67) |
0.0086 |
| LVIDDn |
1.45 (1.21–1.75) |
1.47 (1.29–1.71) |
1.40 (0.45–1.78) |
1.49 (1.30–1.70) |
1.41 (1.33–1.91) |
1.45 (1.24–1.73) |
0.8652 |
| LVIDSn |
0.82 (0.59–1.07) |
0.82 (0.61–0.96) |
0.77 (0.71–1.30) |
0.78 (0.70–0.98) |
0.81 (0.60–1.15) |
0.85 (0.56–0.96) |
0.7526 |
| FS (%) |
41.89 (±6.65) |
42.51 (±6.67) |
43.76 (±6.29) |
42.41 (±7.36) |
42.24 (±6.60) |
40.08 (±7.26) |
0.5960 |
| EF (AP4 Simpson's method) (%) |
75.45 (62.20–80.50) |
72.55 (61.0–81.50) |
71.70 (59.10–75.80) |
73.0 (68.30–80.80) |
72.65 (59.20–77.30) |
70.35 (60.50–79.0) |
0.0970 |
| EF (AP2 Simpson's method) (%) |
74.76 (±7.12) |
75.87 (±6.42) |
72.28 (±6.51) |
73.79 (±6.33) |
73.56 (±6.41) |
69.89 (±3.99) |
0.0609 |
| EF (Simpson's Biplane) (%) |
74.24 (±5.05) |
73.75 (±6.41) |
71.66 (±5.67) |
74.15 (±3.26) |
72.62 (±4.92 |
70.31 (±4.29) |
0.1440 |
| EDVdi AP4 (ml/m2) |
38.34 (18.98–80.21) |
36.49 (20.65–72.07) |
37.18 (23.19–63.20) |
38.50 (17.70–57.85) |
37.90 (18.34–84.61) |
37.85 (22.80–64.91) |
0.4159 |
| ESVdi AP4 (ml/m2) |
8.75 (5.94–24.20) |
9.90 (5.04–22.97) |
11.63 (5.61–22.80) |
9.71 (4.14–18.37) |
11.16 (4.16–20.49) |
11.63 (5.84–15.22) |
0.2837 |
| S'septal (cm/s) |
10.97 (±2.54) |
10.33 (±1.74) |
10.16 (±1.46) |
10.60 (±2.88) |
9.60 (±2.07) |
10.33 (±2.10) |
0.4119 |
| E’ septal (cm/s) |
7.41 (4.93–15.30) |
6.49 (5.07–8.59) |
7.34 (4.54–11.80) |
7.61 (4.87–9.63) |
6.62 (5.17–9.55) |
6.66 (4.77–9.33) |
0.3696 |
| A'septal (cm/s) |
10.09 (±1.85) |
9.11 (±1.98) |
9.29 (±1.93) |
9.60 (±2.14) |
8.94 (±2.54) |
9.32 (±2.66) |
0.4179 |
| S’ lateral (cm/s) |
11.40 (8.41–20.10) |
11.05 (7.96–14.30) |
11.05 (6.45–13.70) |
10.80 (6.29–17.40) |
10.30 (7.76–18.10) |
9.36 (6.96–13.80) |
0.2693 |
| E’ lateral (cm/s) |
8.45 (5.57–15.60) |
7.80 (4.77–12.60) |
7.30 (4.62–11.60) |
7.60 (5.10–12.20) |
7.47 (5.57–14.30) |
6.79 (4.89–11.30) |
0.1519 |
| A’ lateral (cm/s) |
11.0 (8.43–15.80) |
9.77 (6.27–21.0) |
8.82 (6.67–14.0) |
9.78 (6.77–13.90) |
9.66 (7.16–15.10) |
10.40 (6.68–12.40) |
0.1673 |
| MAPSEi lateral (cm/m2) |
2.06a (1.17–3.19) |
1.93a (1.0–3.33) |
1.82ab (0.70–2.88) |
1.83ab (0.93–3.38) |
1.66ab (0.88–3.20) |
1.64b (0.83–2.77)b |
0.0041 |
| MAPSEi septal (cm/m2) |
2.18a (0.97–3.24) |
1.97ab (0.76–2.81) |
1.81b (0.85–2.73) |
1.87ab (0.71–3.79) |
1.84ab (0.89–2.62) |
1.73ab (0.75–2.68) |
0.0174 |
| Strain AP4 (%) |
22.80 (±4.46) |
21.91 (±4.55) |
22.10 (±4.05) |
20.64 (±4.28) |
21.58 (±4.33) |
20.32 (±4.85) |
0.0945 |
| Strain AP3 (%) |
18.69 (±3.10) |
19.85 (±6.10) |
19.13 (±4.21) |
17.83 (±3.19) |
19.24 (±3.65) |
18.38 (±4.25) |
0.4309 |
| Strain AP2 (%) |
22.43 (±4.32) |
22.39 (±6.43) |
21.36 (±4.43) |
22.96 (±5.42) |
22.62 (±4.42) |
20.27 (±4.68) |
0.3066 |
| GLS (%) |
21.30 (±3.24) |
21.38 (±5.40) |
20.86 (±3.95) |
20.48 (±3.82) |
21.14 (±3.87) |
19.65 (±4.29) |
0.2889 |
| GCS (%) |
18.62 (±4.60) |
18.16 (±4.03) |
19.20 (±3.41) |
18.04 (±3.54) |
18.92 (±1.48) |
19.11 (±3.14) |
0.183 |
| Global TMAD(%) |
14.52 (±2.72)a |
13.16 (±2.15)ab |
13.48 (±2.35)ab |
13.37 (±2.23)ab |
13.18 (±2.23)ab |
12.07 (±2.34)b |
0.0465 |
(N): number of animals in each group AP4: apical 4‐chamber; AP2: apical two‐chamber; EF: ejection fraction; Emitral: early diastolic mitral inflow velocity; Amitral: late diastolic mitral inflow velocity; E’: ‘peak velocity of early diastolic mitral annular motion as determined by pulsed wave Doppler; A’: peak velocity of diastolic mitral annular motion as determined by pulsed wave Doppler; FS: fractional shortening; GCS: global circumferential strain; GLS: global longitudinal strain IVRT: isovolumic relaxation time; LA/Ao: left atrium‐to‐aorta ratio; LVIDdn: normalized left ventricular internal dimension at end‐diastole; LVIDsn: normalized left ventricular internal dimension at end‐systole; MAPSEi: mitral annular plane systolic excursion indexed to the body surface area; S’: peak velocity of systolic mitral annular motion as determined by pulsed wave Doppler; TMAD: tissue motion annular displacement. Data with normal distribution were expressed by the mean and standard deviation and data with abnormal distribution were expressed by the median and interquartile range. Values with different superscripted letters indicate statistically significant differences between groups and equal letters represents equality between groups.