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. 2022 Nov;10(21):1161. doi: 10.21037/atm-22-824

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2022 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

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Effects of antibiotics and DEX on intestinal injury in mice subjected to sham surgery or intestinal I/R. (A) Representative HE staining of the histological sections of the small intestine (original magnification ×100). (B) Quantitative analysis of intestinal injury. (C-H) Antibiotics and DEX treatments decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Panels C and F, D and G, and E and H show the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in tissue and plasma, respectively. *, P<0.05 compared to the control group; **, P<0.01 compared to the control group; ^#, P<0.05 compared to the I/R group; ^##, P<0.01 compared to the I/R group. Con, control; I/R, ischemia-reperfusion; DEX, dexmedetomidine; ABX, antibiotics; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; HE, hematoxylin and eosin.