TABLE 1.
Selected physical examination findings, complete blood cell count, serum biochemical profile, and venous blood gas analysis of 55 diarrheic horses admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital
| Variable | Laminitis, n = 15 | Non‐laminitis, n = 39 | Survival, n = 27 | Nonsurvival, n = 28 | Reference ranges 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attitude | |||||
| Bright | 5 (30%) | 12 (30%) | 9 (33%) | 8 (29%) | N/A |
| Obtunded | 10 (70%) | 28 (70%) | 18 (67%) | 20 (71%) | N/A |
| Colic | 5 (36%) | 13 (33%) | 6 (22%) | 12 (43%) | N/A |
| Laminitis | 15 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 6/27 (22%) | 7/28 (25%) | N/A |
| Temperature (Celsius) | 38 [37‐39] | 38 [36‐40] | 38 [36‐40] | 38 [36‐40] | 37.2‐38.3 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 58 [36‐88] | 48 [36‐100] | 44 [36‐78] | 60 [40‐100] | 28‐44 |
| Resp. rate (rpm) | 24 [12‐60] | 24 [12‐60] | 20 [12‐60] | 24 [12‐60] | 10‐24 |
| PCV (%) | 46 [33‐70] | 45 [25‐73] | 38 [25‐66] | 51 [5‐73] | 36‐44 |
| WBC (×109/L) | 4 [1‐13] | 5 [2‐14] | 6 [2‐14] | 4 [1‐14] | 5.1‐11.0 |
| Neutrophils (×109/L) | 1 [0.2‐12] | 2 [0.05‐11] | 3 [0.5‐12] | 1 [0.05‐10] | 2.8‐7.7 |
| Bands (×109/L) | 0.2 [0.03‐0.8] | 0.2 [0.02‐2] | 0.2 [0.04‐10] | 0.3 [0.02‐2] | < 0.2 |
| pH | 7.4 [7.3‐7.4] | 7.4 [7.0‐7.5] | 7.4 [7.2‐7.5] | 7.4 [7.0‐7.5] | 7.32‐7.44 |
| HCO3 − (mmol/L) | 25 [18‐29] | 26 [15‐38] | 27 [20‐31] | 24 [15‐38] | 24‐28 |
| PvCO2 (mmHg) | 40 [32‐60] | 43 [30‐59] | 45 [30‐59] | 40 [32‐60] | 38‐49 |
| Na+ (mmol/L) | 131[119‐141] | 132 [118‐141] | 133 [120‐141] | 129 [118‐139] | 136‐144 |
| K+ (mmol/L) | 3 [2‐5] | 3 [1.3‐5] | 3 [2‐4] | 3 [1.3‐5] | 3.1‐4.3 |
| Cl− (mmol/L) | 98 [82‐112] | 98 [78‐107] | 100 [81‐112] | 96 [78‐107] | 95‐104 |
| L‐Lactate (mmol/L) | 3 [0.7‐7] | 2 [0.4‐14] | 2 [0.4‐10] | 3 [1‐14] | 0‐2 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 131 [60‐378] | 127 [71‐445] | 120 [60‐349] | 153 [108‐445] | 80‐130 |
| Total protein (g/L) | 58 [38‐66] | 56 [40‐92] | 60 [42‐78] | 52 [38‐92] | 58‐75 |
Note: One horse had chronic laminitis before admission was removed from the laminitis analysis.
Abbreviations: bpm, beats per minute; PCV, packet cell volume; PvCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; rpm, respiration per minute; WBC, white blood cells.