Table 4.
Change in pulmonary function outcomes.
| Outcome | Muscle Training Groups |
Mean (SD) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 4-weeks | Post-intervention | |||
| FVC (liters) (% pred) |
Inspiratory | 3.8 (0.7) 118 (16) |
3.9 (0.8) 121 (17) |
3.9 (0.8) 120 (18) |
|
| Inspiratorysham | 4.0 (1.0) 108 (16) |
4.0 (0.9) 109 (14) |
4.0 (1.0) 110 (14) |
||
| Respiratory | 4.1 (0.9) 113 (17) |
4.2 (0.9) 117 (17) |
4.2 (1.0) 118 (20) |
||
| Respiratorysham | 4.0 (0.7) 110 (20) |
4.1 (0.8) 112 (19) |
4.1 (0.8) 112 (16) |
||
| FEV1 (liters) (% pred) |
Inspiratory | 2.9 (0.5) 107 (15) |
3.0 (0.6) 109 (17) |
3.0 (0.6) 109 (17) |
|
| Inspiratorysham | 3.1 (0.9) 101 (17) |
3.1 (0.8) 101 (15) |
3.0 (0.9) 100 (16) |
||
| Respiratory | 3.1 (0.8) 100 (19) |
3.1 (0.7) 103 (16) |
3.1 (0.8) 104 (19) |
||
| Respiratorysham | 3.1 (0.6) 99 (19) |
3.1 (0.6) 102 (18) |
3.1 (0.6) 102 (15) |
||
| FEV1/FVC (%) | Inspiratory | 77 (5) | 76 (6) | 76 (4) | |
| Inspiratorysham | 78 (6) | 78 (6) | 76 (6) | ||
| Respiratory | 74 (8) | 74 (4) | 74 (6) | ||
| Respiratorysham | 76 (6) | 76 (7) | 76 (8) | ||
| PEF (liters) (% pred) |
Inspiratory | 6.5 (1.3) 98 (19) |
6.5 (1.2) 97 (16) |
6.5 (1.1) 98 (18) |
|
| Inspiratorysham | 7.1 (2.1) 96 (25) |
7.0 (2.0) 97 (23) |
6.8 (2.2) 94 (24) |
||
| Respiratory | 6.6 (1.8) 89 (20) |
7.3 (2.2)a 100 (25) |
7.6 (1.8)a 104 (20) |
||
| Respiratorysham | 7.2 (1.7) 98 (24) |
7.4 (1.6) 102 (20) |
7.3 (1.6) 101 (20) |
||
| Outcome | Comparisons between Muscle Training Groups |
Adjusted difference (95%CI); Cohen's d |
|||
| At 4-weeks | At Post-intervention | ||||
| FVC (liters) | Inspiratory vs Inspiratorysham | Group*time interaction not statistically significant | |||
| Inspiratory vs Respiratory | |||||
| Inspiratory vs Respiratorysham | |||||
| Inspiratorysham vs Respiratory | |||||
| Inspiratorysham vs Respiratorysham | |||||
| Respiratory vs Respiratorysham | |||||
| FEV1 (liters) | Inspiratory vs Inspiratorysham | Group*time interaction not statistically significant | |||
| Inspiratory vs Respiratory | |||||
| Inspiratory vs Respiratorysham | |||||
| Inspiratorysham vs Respiratory | |||||
| Inspiratorysham vs Respiratorysham | |||||
| Respiratory vs Respiratorysham | |||||
| FEV1/FVC (%) | Inspiratory vs Inspiratorysham | Group*time interaction not statistically significant | |||
| Inspiratory vs Respiratory | |||||
| Inspiratory vs Respiratorysham | |||||
| Inspiratorysham vs Respiratory | |||||
| Inspiratorysham vs Respiratorysham | |||||
| Respiratory vs Respiratorysham | |||||
| PEF (liters) | Inspiratory vs Inspiratorysham | -0.1 (-1.0; 0.8); d<0.1 | 0.1 (-0.7; 0.8); d=0.1 | ||
| Inspiratory vs Respiratory | -0.7 (-1.6; 0.1); d=0.6 | -1.1 (-1.9; -0.3); d=1.2⁎⁎ | |||
| Inspiratory vs Respiratorysham | -0.4 (-1.3; 0.5); d=0.3 | -0.3 (-1.1; 0.5); d=0.3 | |||
| Inspiratorysham vs Respiratory | -0.6 (-1.5; 0.2); d=0.7 | -1.2 (-1.9; -0.4); d=1.2⁎⁎ | |||
| Inspiratorysham vs Respiratorysham | -0.3 (-1.2; 0.6); d=0.3 | -0.4 (-1.2; 0.4); d=0.4 | |||
| Respiratory vs Respiratorysham | 0.3 (-0.5; 1.2); d=0.4 | 0.8 (0.01; 1.6); d=0.9* | |||
a
Statistically significant differences with respect to baseline values p<0.05.
⁎
Statistically significant differences p<0.05.
⁎⁎
Statistically significant differences p<0.01.
FEV1, force expiratory volume 1st second; FVC, force vital capacity; PEF, peak expiratory flow; % pred, percentage of predicted value.