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. 2022 Jun 6;27(8):3441–3451. doi: 10.1038/s41380-022-01642-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — A Schematic of viral strategy to selectively overexpress CSF1 in a Cre-dependent manner in mPFC^CRF1+ neurons using ethanol-naïve CRF1:Cre mice. 40X magnification for brightfield, mCherry fluorescence, and merged images of a CSF1-mCherry expressing mPFC^CRF1+ neuron. B Representative current trace of average mEPSC in control mCherry (black) and CSF1-mCherry (red) expressing mPFC^CRF1+ neuron. Average mEPSC frequency in control mCherry and CSF1-mCherry expressing mPFC^CRF1+ pyramidal neurons. C–E Average mEPSC amplitude, rise time, and decay time in control mCherry and CSF1-mCherry expressing mPFC^CRF1+ neurons. n = 16–18 cells from N = 4 female mice; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 by t-test. F Coronal mouse brain atlas image of mPFC and corresponding representative 10X magnification fluorescence image of boxed region depicting CSF1 expression in CSF1-overexpressing compared to control mice. Scale bar = 100 µM. G Latency to feed in an open arena (open bars) and home cage (filled bars) in the novelty-suppressed feeding test in control (black) and mPFC^CRF1+ CSF1 overexpressing (red) mice with significant main effects of condition F(1,19) = 58.59, p < 0.001 and group F(1,19) = 5.67, p = 0.02 by two-way ANOVA, and post hoc significance ^#p < 0.05 is represented in panel^. H Percent time spent in the ethanol paired context during the pre-conditioning phase (open bars) and following ethanol conditioning (filled bars) in the ethanol place conditioning test for control (black) and mPFC^CRF1+ CSF1 overexpressing (red) mice with a significant main effect of condition F(1,20) = 11.43, p = 0.003 and interaction effect F(1,20) = 6.41, p = 0.01 by two-way ANOVA, and post hoc significance ^###p < 0.001 is represented in panel. I Pre-conditioning normalized percent time spent in the ethanol-paired side with significant **p < 0.01 effects by one-sample t-test and *p < 0.05 unpaired t-test. N = 11 female mice/group.