Table 2.
Between-group and within-group HADS scores from T1 to T2.
| Total students (N = 619) |
Students Netherlands (N = 323) |
Students Flanders (N = 296) |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (N = 326) | T2 (N = 293) | T1 (N = 212) | T2 (N = 111) | T1 (N = 114) | T2 (N = 182) | |||||||
| Mean ( ± SD) | Mean ( ± SD) | p | Mean ( ± SD) | Mean ( ± SD) | p | Mean ( ± SD) | Mean ( ± SD) | p | ||||
| HADS depression | 4.3 (3.40) | 7.7 (4.07) | <.001 | 3.9 (3.17) | 5.8 (3.28) | < .001 | 5.4 (3.74) | 8.1 (4.11) | <.001a | |||
| HADS anxiety | 8.1 (4.45) | 11.2 (4.70) | <.001 | 7.6 (4.26) | 8.7 (4.03) | .102 | 9.2 (4.73) | 11.7 (4.67) | <.001b | |||
| N (%) | N (%) | X2 | N (%) | N (%) | X2 | N (%) | N (%) | X2 | ||||
| Depression 0–7 | 259 (82.4) | 185 (64.5) | 59.83 | <.001 | 177 (83) | 94 (85.6) | 7.75 | .06 | 82 (72) | 91 (50) | 13.88 | <.001 |
| Depression 8–10 | 48 (15.4) | 45 (15.6) | 7.67 | .06 | 28 (13.2) | 10 (9) | 8.23 | .004 | 20 (17.5) | 35 (19.2) | .13 | .717 |
| Depression 11–21 | 19 (5.7) | 63 (19.9) | 54.10 | <.001 | 7 (3.8) | 7 (6.3) | 7.21 | .02 | 12 (10.5) | 56 (30.8) | 16.23 | <.001 |
| Anxiety 0–7 | 154 (49.4) | 86 (32.2) | 37.57 | <.001 | 113 (53.3) | 54 (48.7) | 1.08 | .3 | 41 (36) | 32 (17.6) | 12.75 | <.001 |
| Anxiety 8–10 | 61 (19.6) | 67 (21.5) | 1.2 | .27 | 35 (16.5) | 23 (20.7) | .15 | .7 | 26 (22.8) | 44 (24.2) | .07 | .787 |
| Anxiety 11–21 | 111 (35.6) | 140 (46.3) | 26.29 | <.001 | 64 (30.2) | 34 (30.6) | .66 | .42 | 47 (41.2) | 106 (58.2) | 7.31 | .007 |
a
Mann-Whitney U: U = 23018, z = −9.86, r = −.40.
b
Mann-Whitney U: U = 28160, z = −7.43, r = −30.