Table 1.
General direction of change in c-Fos expression following Acute or Chronic LI-rTMS, organised across higher order brain classifications.
| Higher-order brain classifications | Acute | Chronic | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Δ c-Fos+ density | # Significant regions | Δ c-Fos+ density | # Significant regions | |
| Isocortex | + + + | 11/15 | + | 3/5 |
| Hippocampal Formation | + + | 2/4 | + | 1/1 |
| Amygdala | + + + | 1/3* | + + | 2/2 |
| Striatum | + + | 3/3 | n.s | |
| Pallidum | − | 1/1 | n.s | |
| Cerebellum | + + + | 1/1 | + | 1/1 |
| Thalamus | − | 6/6 | + + | 1/1 |
| Hypothalamus | + + | 1/6* | + + | 5/6 |
| Midbrain | + | 2/6* | + | 2/2 |
| Hindbrain | + + + | 1/1 | n.s | |
% Δ in c-Fos density compared to group sham per region, averaged across higher order brain classification: − = − 200–0%; + = 0–200%; + + = 201–500%; + + + > 500%. # significant regions = # significantly modulated regions changing in the labelled direction/total # of significantly modulated regions within the higher order classification; * = Higher order classifications consisting of predominantly significantly down-regulated regions, with a minority of highly upregulated regions. Overall, the degree of upregulation was greater than downregulation, but the regional downregulation was more numerous is several higher-order brain classifications. n.s = no significant regions.