Table 2.
Preclinical studies of MSCs for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
| Cell sources | Route | Time | Dosage | Outcome | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hATSCs | I.C | 1-day after MCAO | 1 × 106 cells | Improved behavior; neural differentiation. | (44) |
| hMSCs | I.C | 1-week after MCAO | 75,000 cells | Improved behavior; neural differentiation. | (45) |
| HUMSCs | I.C | 1-day after MCAO | 5 × 105 cells | Reduces the area of infarction, angiogenesis; improved behavior; neural differentiation. | (46, 47) |
| hMSCs | I.C | 3-days after MCAO | 5 × 105 cells | Immune modulatory; endogenous neurogenesis. | (48) |
| rBMSCs | I.C | 1-day after MCAO | 1 × 105 cells | Neurological function improved; reduced infarct area; decreased amount of apoptosis | (49) |
| hBMSCs | I.V | 60 days post-stroke, | 4 × 106 cells | Reduce infarct area; improve systemic inflammatory response; | (50) |
| eMSCs | I.V | 1-day after MCAO | 20 × 106 cells | Improved behavior; neural and endothelial cell differentiation; reduced infarct area. | (51) |
| B10 -hMSCs | I.V | 1-day after MCAO | 3 × 106 cells | Improved behavior; neural cell differentiation; reduced infarct area; neurotrophic factors and cytokines produced. | (52) |
| HUMSCs | I.V | 2-day after MCAO | Low-dose (1 × 104 cells) and high-dose (1 × 105 cells) | Immunomodulation; improved behavior; high dose (1 × 105) of UC-MSCs improved functional outcomes. | (53) |
| rBMSCs | I.V | 1 h after dMCAO | 1 × 106 cells | Immunomodulation; produce neurotrophic factors and cytokines. | (54) |
| rBMSCs | I.A | 1-day after MCAO | 2 × 106 cells | Improved behavior; axon remodeling; angiogenesis. | (55) |
| rBMSCs | I.A | 1, 6, 24, 48 h after MCAO | 1 × 106 cells | Improved behavior; reduced infarct area; 24 h after MCAO may be optimal timing for stroke. | (56) |
| hBMSCs | I.A | 1-day after MCAO | 1 × 106 cells | Improved behavior; reduced infarct area; Methylation of ANP and BDNF promoter further decreased, which showed a significant increase in ANP and BDNF expression. | (57) |
| hBMSCs | I.A | 1, 4, or 7 days after MCAO | 1 × 106 cells | Neuroprotection regulates reactive astrocytes and angiogenesis; these effects are timing-dependent. | (58) |
| Autologous ADMSCs | I.A | Three days after MCAO | 2 × 106 cells | Improved behavior; attenuated astroglial reactivity; inhibited cell apoptosis and promoted cellular proliferation | (59) |
| rBMSCs | Intranasal | Three days after MCAO | 1 × 105 cells | Improved behavior; reduced infarct area; HP-rBMSCs optimize the therapeutic efficacy | (60) |
| rBMSC | Intranasal | Three days after MCAO | 1 × 106 cells | Reduce infarct area; reduces motor deficits; endogenous neurogenesis; | (61) |
| rBMSCs | Intranasal | 6 h (first), and 3 days (second) after neonatal Stroke model | 1 × 106 cells | Improved behavior; reduced infarct area; angiogenesis and neurogenesis. | (62) |
I.C, intracranial administration; I.V, intravenous infusion; I.A, artery infusion; hATSCs, human adipose tissue stromal cells; rBMSCs, rat BMSCs; HP-rBMSCs, hypoxic pretreatment rBMSC; HUMSCs, human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells; BAO, basilar artery occlusion; and hBMSCs, human bone marrow stromal cells.