Table 3.
Clinical studies of MSCs for the treatment of ischemic stroke for the past 10 years.
| Cell sources | Patient population; the MSCs/control group; | Route | Time | Dosage | Outcome | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UCMSCs | 40–50 years old; Within 3 months of the stroke; Four male patients; No control group or blinding. | I.A | Within 3 months of the stroke | 2 × 107 cells. | Follow up 6 months; Improving muscle strength and increase of mBI score; No adverse events. | (88) |
| Allogeneic ADMSCs | 60–80 years old; < 12 h of stroke; NIHSS of 8–20 scores 4/13 | I.V | Within 2 weeks of the stroke | 1 × 106 cells/kg | Follow up 24 months; improvement of clinical scores of NIHSS; No adverse events. No tumor development | (89, 90) |
| Allogeneic ADMSCs | 65–80 years old; NIHSS of 16–20 scores; Post-stroke between 6 months and ten years; 3/3 | I.C | 1 week after inclusion. | 1 × 108 cells | Follow up six months; improvement of clinical scores of NIHSS, Barthel Index, Berg balance scale, and F-M; No adverse events. | (91) |
| Allogeneic AD-MSCs | ≥18 years old; NIHSS of 8–20 score (with at least 2 in sections 5 and 6) Treatment within four days (±1 day) from the onset 15/30 | I.V | Within the first four days from stroke onset | 1 × 106 cells/kg | Results not released. (estimated end date is July 2023.) | (92) |
| HUMSCs AND hNSPCs | 30–85 years old; Three females and three males; Acute/subacute and during stroke sequelae; Three patients had IV MSCs four times, and three had cotransplantations of MSCs and NSPCs four times. | I.V and I.C | Acute/subacute and during stroke sequelae. | The first group IV MSCs (0.5 × 106/kg) four times; the second group first IV MSCs (0.5 × 106 /kg) followed three times by IC MSCs (5 × 106/patient) and NSPCs (6 × 106/patient) 2.5 × 106, 5.0 × 106, or 10 × 106 cells. | Follow up two years; Safe and feasible; different degrees of clinical and functional improvement; No adverse events. | (93) |
| Modified BMSCs (SB623 Cells) | Mean age of 61 years old; NIHSS (SD): 9.44 score; Within 6 to 60 months of stroke; 11 females, seven males; 16/36. | I.C | The mean poststroke interval was 22 months. | 2.5 × 106, 5.0 × 106, or 10 × 106 cells. | Follow up two years; Significant improvement of clinical scores of ESS, NIHSS, and F-M; No adverse events. | (94, 95) |
| Allogenic BMSCs | 18–75 years old; NIHSS of 15–25 score; 30 to 90 days; 59/59. | I.C | 30 to 90 days. | Four times 1 × 106 cells/kg. | Results not released. | (96) |
| Allogenic BMSCs | ≥18 years old; NIHSS≥6 score; >6 months of stroke; 27 females, nine males; Phase 1 (n = 15), phase 2 (n = 21). | I.V | >6 months of stroke. | In phase 1 (n = 15), each dose (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 × 106 cells/kg body weight); phase 2 (n = 21) received 1.5 × 106 cells/kg. | Follow up 1 year; Decreasing of NIHSS/Barthel Index score; No adverse events. | (97) |
| Allogenic BMSCs | Neonates born at full term (≥36 weeks of gestation); MRI-confirmed PAIS in the middle cerebral artery region; 10/10. | Intranasal | Within seven days of presenting signs of PAIS | One dose of 45–50 × 106 cells. | Follow up 3 months; improvements on MRI; No adverse events. (except for a mild transient fever without the need for clinical intervention.) | (98) |
| Autologous BMSCs | 12 patients (four females, eight males); NIHSS between 4–15; Three months to two years after stroke; 6/6. | I.V | 21+7 days after inclusion. | 5~6 × 107 cells. | Follow up 1 year; Significant improvement of mBI score; No adverse events. | (99) |
| Autologous BMSCs | 18–70 years old; NIHSS>10 scores; within 2 weeks of stroke; 11 females, 22 males; 16/15. | I.V | Three weeks after inclusion. | Low-dose MSCs (1 × 108); high-dose MSCs (3 × 108). | Follow up two years; Decreasing of NIHSS score; No adverse events. | (100) |
| Autologous BMSCs | 30–75 years old; NIHSS of 6–21 score; Within 3 months of the stroke; 39/15. | I.V | After being included. | 1 × 106 cells/kg | Follow up two years; feasible and safe Have an improvement in leg motor functionality; No adverse events. | (101–103) |
| Autologous BMSCs | 30–75 years old; NIHSS of 10–35 score; within two months of stroke; 9/17. | I.V | After being included. | 2 million cells/kg | Follow up 1 year; improvement in median infarct volume; No adverse events. | (104) |
m-NIHSS, motor NIHSS; ESS, European Stroke Scale; F-M, Fugl-Meyer; MRS, Modified Rankin Scale.