Table 1.
Mechanisms and effects of microglia autophagy regulators in the regulation of inflammatory responses in IS.
| Therapeutic candidate | Target | Mechanisim | Effect | Model | Reference (s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autophagy induction | |||||
| Vinpocetine | PDE1-B | Inhibit PDE1-B to enhance microglia autophagic flux and thus inhibit microglial proinflammatory role. | neuroprotective | MCAO | (164) |
| PARP14 | Promote microglia autophagy and constrict inflammatory response via LPAR5 | neuroprotective | photothrombosis OGD |
(165) | |
| PGC-1α | Promote microglia autophagy via ULK1 and inhibit the overactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome | neuroprotective | tMCAO | (166) | |
| SB216763 | GSK-3β | Inhibit GSK-3β to suppress inflammation by activating autophagy in microglia | neuroprotective | pMCAO | (169) |
| DJ-1 | Activate the Atg5-Atg12-Atg16L1 complex through Sirt1 to promote microglia autophagy thus playing an anti-inflammatory role | neuroprotective | MCAO/R | (170) | |
| MSC-exos | FOXO3a | Enhance microglia mitophagy to inhibit inflammatory response by upregulating FOXO3 | neuroprotective | OGD/R | (189) |
| Sestrin2 | mTOR pathway | Promote microglia autophagy via inhibiting mTOR pathway to attenuate microglial inflammatory response | neuroprotective | tMCAO OGD |
(190) |
| Propofol | Promote microglia autophagy and inhibit inflammatory cytokine secretion | neuroprotective | 2VO OGD |
(191) | |
| Geniposide | Increase autophagic activity and inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia | neuroprotective | OGD/R | (192) | |
| Autophagy inhibition | |||||
| Sc-222227 | PTP1B | Inhibit PTP1B to reduce ER stress-dependent autophagy via the PERK pathway and alleviate microglia activation and inflammatory responses | neuroprotective | MCAO OGD/R |
(178) |
| TRPV1 | Inhibit autophagy to suppress NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia | neuroprotective | OGD/R | (186) | |
| MiR-30d-5p | Suppress microglia autophagy by inhibiting Beclin-1 and ATG5 expression and reduce inflammatory response | neuroprotective | MCAO OGD |
(187) | |
| CTRP1 | Attenuate microglia autophagy and inflammatory response by regulating the Akt/mTOR pathway | neuroprotective | pMCAO OGD/R |
(188) | |
| 3-MA | Inhibit autophagy to suppress inflammatory response in mcroglia | neuroprotective | pMCAO | (163, 193) | |