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. 2022 Nov 16;10:939827. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.939827

Table 3.

Adjusteda associations between PUFAs and hearing threshold shifts stratified by age (N = 913).

P trend P interaction
HGLA (umol/L) β (95% CI)
Tertile 1 Tertile 2 Tertile 3
Low-frequency PTA 20 ≤ y <40 Ref 0.11 (−1.06, 1.27) 0.77 (−0.52, 2.05) 0.2502 0.0041
40 ≤ y <60 Ref −0.58 (−2.56, 1.40) 0.13 (−1.77, 2.02) 0.7199
60 ≤ y <69 Ref −1.83 (−7.60, 3.94) −3.63 (−9.03, 1.78) 0.1846
High-frequency PTA 20 ≤ y <40 Ref −0.01 (−1.76, 1.73) 2.03 (0.10, 3.95) 0.0457 0.0182
40 ≤ y <60 Ref 5.49 (1.21, 9.78) 6.38 (2.28, 10.48) 0.0056
60 ≤ y <69 Ref −3.72 (−12.10, 4.65) −3.83 (−11.67, 4.02) 0.3737
DTA (umol/L) β (95% CI)
Tertile 1 Tertile 2 Tertile 3
Low-frequency PTA 20 ≤ y <40 Ref −0.31 (−1.46, 0.84) 0.58 (−0.73, 1.89) 0.4546 0.2038
40 ≤ y <60 Ref 1.09 (−0.84, 3.02) 0.71 (−1.19, 2.60) 0.5854
60 ≤ y <69 Ref −6.55 (−11.71, −1.39) −4.46 (−9.03, 0.10) 0.1000
High-frequency PTA 20 ≤ y <40 Ref 0.04 (−1.70, 1.78) 1.19 (−0.79, 3.16) 0.2698 0.0371
40 ≤ y <60 Ref 0.80 (−3.40, 4.99) 4.38 (0.26, 8.50) 0.0216
60 ≤ y <69 Ref −8.22 (−15.56, −0.87) −10.76 (−17.25, 4.26) 0.0020
DPAn6 (umol/L) β (95% CI)
Tertile 1 Tertile 2 Tertile 3
Low-frequency PTA 20 ≤ y <40 Ref 1.03 (−0.72, 2.78) 0.42 (−1.33, 2.18) 0.9167 0.8037
40 ≤ y <60 Ref 1.03 (−0.72, 2.78) 0.42 (−1.33, 2.18) 0.6942
60 ≤ y <69 Ref −0.96 (−6.03, 4.11) −0.77 (−5.27, 3.72) 0.7439
High-frequency PTA 20 ≤ y <40 Ref 1.73 (−2.05, 5.52) 5.90 (2.11, 9.69) 0.0676 0.0010
40 ≤ y <60 Ref 1.73 (−2.05, 5.52) 5.90 (2.11, 9.69) 0.0020
60 ≤ y <69 Ref −0.24 (−7.45, 6.97) −5.93 (−12.31, 0.46) 0.0648
EPA (umol/L) β (95% CI)
Tertile 1 Tertile 2 Tertile 3
Low-frequency PTA 20 ≤ y <40 Ref −0.92 (−2.05, 0.22) −1.14 (−2.42, 0.14) 0.0628 0.4376
40 ≤ y <60 Ref 0.48 (−1.50, 2.46) −0.64 (−2.58, 1.30) 0.3733
60 ≤ y <69 Ref −2.66 (−8.24, 2.92) 0.63 (−4.54, 5.81) 0.6878
High-frequency PTA 20 ≤ y <40 Ref 0.99 (−0.72, 2.71) −0.07 (−2.00, 1.87) 0.9011 0.0334
40 ≤ y <60 Ref 1.22 (−3.06, 5.50) 6.09 (1.90, 10.28) 0.0017
60 ≤ y <69 Ref −10.50 (−18.31, −2.69) −0.37 (−7.61, 6.88) 0.7716
DHA (umol/L) β (95% CI)
Tertile 1 Tertile 2 Tertile 3
Low-frequency PTA 20 ≤ y <40 Ref −1.26 (−2.39, −0.13) −1.78 (−3.07, −0.48) 0.0048 0.3053
40 ≤ y <60 Ref −0.99 (−2.73, 0.76) −0.94 (−2.72, 0.84) 0.3134
60 ≤ y <69 Ref −0.15 (−5.63, 5.33) −1.92 (−6.33, 2.49) 0.3878
High-frequency PTA 20 ≤ y <40 Ref −0.83 (−2.56, 0.89) −0.55 (−2.52, 1.43) 0.5064 0.0028
40 ≤ y <60 Ref 2.01 (−1.77, 5.78) 6.27 (2.42, 10.12) 0.0014
60 ≤ y <69 Ref −8.00 (−15.82, 0.18) −5.93 (−12.31, 0.46) 0.4079

aAdjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, serum cotinine, firearm noise exposure, occupational noise exposure, and recreational noise exposure.

The bold values indicate the significant values.