Table 2.

Modified FDI criteria [15] used for evaluating the restorations

	Esthetic properties				Functional properties			Biological properties
	Surface luster	Staining	Color match and translucency	Esthetic anatomical form	Fracture of material and retention	Marginal adaptation	Incisal contour and wear	Recurrence of erosive tooth wear/caries	Tooth integrity
1. Clinically excellent/ very good	Luster comparable to enamel	No staining	Good color match, no difference in shade and/or translucency	Form is ideal	No fractures/cracks	Harmonious outline, no gaps, no white or discolored lines	Physiological wear, no visible wear facets	No erosive tooth wear No secondary or primary caries	Complete integrity
2. Clinically good	Slightly dull, not noticeable from speaking distance; Some isolated pores	Minor staining, easily removable by polishing	Minor deviations in shade and/or translucency	Form is only slightly deviated from the normal	Small hairline crack	Marginal gap (< 150 μm), white lines; Small marginal fracture removable by polishing; Slight ditching, slight step/flashes, minor irregularities	Normal wear, presence of small facets	Small and localized erosive tooth wear, demineralization	Small marginal enamel fracture (< 150 μm)
3. Clinically sufficient/ satisfactory	Dull surface but acceptable if covered with film of saliva; Multiple pores on more than one third of the surface	Moderate staining that may also present on other teeth, not esthetically unacceptable	Distinct deviation but acceptable. Does not affect esthetics	Form deviates from the normal but is esthetically acceptable	Two or more large hairline cracks and/or material chip fracture not affecting the marginal integrity or approximal contact	Gap < 250 μm not removable; Several small marginal fractures; Major irregularities, ditching or flash, steps	Significant wear, larger facets	Larger areas of erosive tooth wear, demineralization Dentin not exposed	Hairline crack in enamel (< 150 μm)
4. Clinically unsatisfactory (but repairable)	Rough surface cannot be masked by saliva film, simple polishing is not sufficient; Further intervention necessary; Voids	Unacceptable staining on the restoration and major intervention necessary for improvement	Localized clinically deviation that can be corrected by repair	Form is affected and unacceptable esthetically. Intervention/correction is necessary	Material chip fractures which damage marginal quality or approximal contacts Bulk fractures with partial loss (< 1/2 of the restoration)	Gap > 250 μm or dentine/base exposed; Severe ditching or marginal fractures; Larger irregularities or steps (repair necessary)	Considerable wear, restoration partially lost (up to 1/3). The underlying dental surface is visible but intact	Erosive tooth wear in dentin. Caries with cavitation and suspected undermining caries	Marginal enamel defect < 250 μm Crack < 250 μm Enamel chipping. Multiple cracks
5. Clinically poor (replacement necessary)	Very rough, unacceptable plaque retentive surface	Severe staining, generalized or localized, not accessible for intervention	Unacceptable. Replacement necessary	Form is unsatisfactory and/or lost. Repair not feasible / reasonable, Replacement needed	Partial or complete loss of restoration or multiple fractures	Restoration (complete or partial) is loose but in situ; Generalized major gaps or irregularities	Wear is excessive, restoration completely lost. Wear of the underlying dental surface	Excessive erosive tooth wear in dentin (> 2 mm width). Deep caries or exposed dentine that is not accessible for repair of restoration	Cusp or tooth fracture