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. 2022 Apr 1;44(6):855–867. doi: 10.1007/s00281-022-00926-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Anatomical locations in the CNS relevant for T-cell surveillance. Shown in clock-wise direction are the blood, the cerebrospinal fluid, the perivascular space, and the meninges with CD4⁺ (red) and CD8⁺ (blue) T cells. Boxes to the right provide details on the local T-cell CD4⁺ to CD8⁺ ratio, dominant phenotype, and surface marker profile. See the text for further details. BM, basal membrane.