Table 2.
Baseline data for the subjects included in the study
| Pre-treatment (T0) | Just before intervention (T1) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 (n = 20) Mean (SD) |
Group 2 (n = 19) Mean (SD) |
Group 3 (n = 19) Mean (SD) |
Group 1 (n = 20) Mean (SD) |
Group 2 (n = 19) Mean (SD) |
Group 3 (n = 19) Mean (SD) |
|
| Sella-Nasion-point A (SNA) ° | 82.7 (4.7) | 83.2 (2.23) | 82.1 (1.92) | 83.0 (3.14) | 84.0 (1.66) | 82.7 (2.08) |
| Sella-Nasion-point B (SNB)° | 77.6 (3.21) | 77.9 (2.66) | 77.6 (2.31) | 78.2 (2.31) | 78.2 (1.94) | 78.0 (1.30) |
| Point A-Nasion-point B (ANB)° | 4.9 (0.52) | 5.1 (0.43) | 5.0 (0.97) | 4.7 (1.71) | 5.2 (0.86) | 5.0 (1.35) |
| Maxillary/mandibular (MM) plane ° | 23.8 (4.80) | 24.7 (1.29) | 22.5 (1.82) | 24.7 (4.80) | 25.0 (5.18) | 22.9 (2.43) |
| Gonial angle ° | 126.21 (5.01) | 124.53 (4.50) | 125.21 (4.34) | 127.36 (4.40) | 125.73 (4.06) | 126.43 (3.63) |
| Anterior facial height (mm) | 119.71 (6.52) | 118.13 (5.51) | 122.29 (5.68) | 121.07 (6.39) | 119.47 (4.91) | 123.36 (5.08) |
| Posterior facial height (mm) | 75.29 (3.79) | 73.13 (2.80) | 74.50 (3.41) | 76.21 (3.53) | 74.40 (2.41) | 75.57 (3.08) |
| Ramal height (mm) | 52.57 (4.78) | 51.20 (6.49) | 51.93 (6.74) | 52.57 (4.78) | 51.33 (6.39) | 52.07 (6.67) |
| Lower incisor-point A/pogonion (mm) | − 1.30 (0.88) | − 1.12 (1.42) | − 1.05 (1.78) | − 1.21 (1.75) | − 0.93 (1.43) | − 0.86 (1.69) |
| Lower incisors-mandibular plane ° | 91.2 (1.99) | 88.1 (1.46) | 91.3 (2.38) | 95.7 (4.09) | 90.9 (3.51) | 94.3 (3.62) |
| Upper incisors-maxillary plane ° | 98.4 (0.64) | 97.5 (1.32) | 99.4 (1.96) | 103.8 (0.56) | 101.6 (1.94) | 103.6 (2.15) |
| Inter-incisal angle ° | 131.7 (4.21) | 139.3 (2.57) | 139.4 (2.18) | 132.3 (6.41) | 141.3 (3.97) | 136.0 (4.16) |
| Overbite (mm) | 5.6 (1.33) | 5.8 (0.32) | 4.8 (2.87) | 4.9 (0.77) | 5.3 (1.48) | 4.2 (1.35) |
| Overjet (mm) | 1.7 (1.0) | 2.9 (1.0) | 2.5 (1.0) | 2.1 (0.97) | 3.2 (1.0) | 3.1 (1.0) |
| Curve of Spee (mm) | 5.35 (0.31) | 6.26 (0.11) | 5.98 (0.48) | 5.11 (0.58)* | 5.59 (0.62)* | 5.22 (0.73) |
| Lower arch crowding (mm) | 2.8 (0.9)* | 2.1 (0.4)* | 2.6 (1.2) | |||
| Age (years) | 20.93 (3.37) | 22.47 (4.06) | 20.0 (2.10) | |||
*P < 0.05