FIGURE 4.

A close association between ubiquitination stratification and the clinical outcome of patients in PBMC. (A,B) The delta area plot and consensus consistent cumulative distribution function (CDF) plot of analysis ubiquitin genes by consensus clustering in the blood leukocytes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). (C,D) The cluster heatmap and item consensus plots of the analysis of ubiquitin genes by consensus clustering in the blood leukocytes of COVID‐19 patients. (E) The heatmap (z‐scored by row) shows the ubiquitin gene expression of subclusters and high expression in cluster 1. The vertical axis annotated the E1s, E2s, E3s, and DUBs. (F) The principal component analysis plot of all transcriptome genes was grouped by clusters 1 and 2 in the blood leukocytes of COVID‐19 patients. (G) The violin plot shows that proteasome and ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis were more active in the blood leukocytes of COVID‐19 tested by the Wilcoxon test. (I,J) Bar plot of GO enrichment analysis of cluster1 upregulating genes and cluster2 upregulating genes. (K–P) The violin plot shows the difference, including hospital‐free day, free ventilator days, ferritin, C‐reactive protein (CRP), D‐dimer, and procalcitonin, in clusters 1 and 2. (Q–S) The pie plot shows the proportion of males and females, ICU, and mechanical ventilators in clusters 1 and 2