Table 3.
Summary of experimental results for reviewed BRFDs investigated in vivo. OCT: optical coherence tomography
| Author and Device | Study Model | Study Duration (Sample Size) | Aneurysm Occlusion Rates | In Device Thrombosis | Device Resorption | Ref | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gruter et al. Control FD + coil | 2019 | Cobalt-Chromium alloy | Can’t be determined | None | Can’t be determined | NA | NA | 2.5 x 9 | Fully permanent | NA | Yes | [24] |
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| Wang et al. BRFD | Rabbit elastase induced aneurysm | 6 weeks (n = 6) and 3 months (n = 7) | 67% (4/6) at 6 weeks 83% (5/6) at 3 months | One case of device induced thrombosis that resulted in the complete occlusion of the parent artery at 3 months | Residual PGA struts were observed at 6 weeks but appeared to be completely resorbed by 3 months via stereomicroscope | [21] | ||||||
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| Wang et al. control FD | Rabbit elastase induced aneurysm | 3 months (n = 7) | 0% (0/6) | No observed device induced thrombosis by gross or histological evaluation | NA | [21] | ||||||
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| Nishi et al. BRFD | Rabbit elastase induced aneurysm | 1 (n = 5), 3 (n = 5), 6 (n = 5), and 12 (n = 3) months | 0% (0/5) at 1 month, 20% (1/5) at 3 months, 50% (2/4) at 6 months, and 33% (1/3) at 1 year | No observed downstream arterial thrombus formation or occlusion via angiography. By OCT, thrombus was observed in 1.9%, 1.8%, 0.0%, and 0.0% of frames at 1, 3, 6, months and 1 year, respectively. All thrombi detected by OCT were small white thrombi. | In vitro testing demonstrated 15%, 45%, 83%, and 95% reductions in weight average molecular weight at 3 months, 9 months, 1 year, and 1.5 years, respectively. | [22] | ||||||
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| Jamshidi et al. BRFD | Rabbit infrarenal abdominal aorta | 1 month (n = 3) | NA | By SEM analysis, some thrombus was observed on the abluminal side of struts that were not opposed well to the vessel wall. | No reported analysis | [15] | ||||||
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| Gruter et al. BRFD | Rat aortic sidewall aneurysm | 4 weeks (n = 26), serial OCT out to 6 months (n = 8) | 85% (22/26) at 4 weeks | No reported analysis | Qualitative microCT and OCT demonstrated progressive resorption | [24] | ||||||
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| Gruter et al. BRFD + coil | Rat aortic sidewall aneurysm | 4 weeks (n = 7) | 100% (7/7) | No reported analysis | NA | [24] | ||||||
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| Gruter et al. Control FD + coil | Rat aortic sidewall aneurysm | 4 weeks (n = 6) | 83% (5/6) | No reported analysis | NA | [24] | ||||||