Table 1.
Comparison between real and deep learning-generated radiomic features (p-values according to the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test)
| Class | Feature name | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) | Inverse difference moment | 0.984025 |
| Grey level size zone matrix (GLSZM) | Zone percentage | 0.934856 |
| Grey level dependence matrix (GLDM) | Small dependence emphasis | 0.932657 |
| Grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) | Inverse difference | 0.926064 |
| First order | Robust mean absolute deviation | 0.903346 |
| GLSZM | Small area low grey level emphasis | 0.860311 |
| Grey level run length matrix (GLRLM) | Run percentage | 0.827381 |
| GLRLM | High grey level run emphasis | 0.729491 |
| GLSZM | Grey level non-uniformity normalised | 0.696774 |
| GLRLM | Long run emphasis | 0.676057 |
| GLCM | Sum entropy | 0.658063 |
| GLRLM | Long run high grey level emphasis | 0.652292 |
| GLRLM | Run entropy | 0.652292 |
| First order | Entropy | 0.643479 |
| GLCM | Inverse variance | 0.616719 |
| GLRLM | Short run high grey level emphasis | 0.582172 |
| GLDM | High grey level emphasis | 0.574195 |
| GLCM | Joint energy | 0.570327 |
| GLCM | Joint entropy | 0.570327 |
| GLRLM | Run length non-uniformity normalised | 0.570327 |
| GLRLM | Short run emphasis | 0.570327 |
| First order | 90 percentile | 0.541180 |
| GLDM | Small dependence low grey level emphasis | 0.512551 |
| First order | Interquartile range | 0.498064 |
| GLCM | Inverse difference normalised | 0.456086 |
| GLDM | Large dependence emphasis | 0.450880 |
| GLDM | Dependence variance | 0.445137 |
| GLSZM | Low grey level zone emphasis | 0.445137 |
| First order | Mean absolute deviation | 0.414534 |
| GLCM | Autocorrelation | 0.407415 |
| GLDM | Dependence non-uniformity normalised | 0.403944 |
| First order | Mean | 0.389392 |
| GLRLM | Run variance | 0.375333 |
| GLRLM | Grey level non-uniformity normalised | 0.324190 |
| GLCM | Maximum probability | 0.307686 |
| Neighbouring grey tone difference matrix (NGTDM) | Strength | 0.272504 |
| GLCM | Cluster tendency | 0.267111 |
| GLCM | Inverse difference moment normalised | 0.264157 |
| GLDM | Dependence entropy | 0.261878 |
| GLRLM | Short run low grey level emphasis | 0.227646 |
| First order | Minimum | 0.212067 |
| GLSZM | Large area high grey level emphasis | 0.202291 |
| First order | Root mean squared | 0.186989 |
| GLSZM | Large area emphasis | 0.178996 |
| GLDM | Grey level variance | 0.170028 |
| GLCM | Joint average | 0.160908 |
| GLCM | Sum average | 0.160908 |
| First order | Uniformity | 0.133892 |
| GLDM | Small dependence high grey level emphasis | 0.124894 |
| GLSZM | Zone variance | 0.119210 |
| First order | Variance | 0.108119 |
| GLCM | Sum squares | 0.108119 |
| GLSZM | High grey level zone emphasis | 0.105973 |
| GLDM | Large dependence low grey level emphasis | 0.082337 |
| GLSZM | Size zone non-uniformity normalised | 0.074667 |
| GLSZM | Small area emphasis | 0.073186 |
| GLSZM | Large area low grey level emphasis | 0.069577 |
| GLRLM | Grey level variance | 0.066007 |
| GLCM | Informational measure of correlation 2 | 0.052283 |
| GLRLM | Low grey level run emphasis | 0.045409 |
| GLSZM | Small area high grey level emphasis | 0.044462 |
| GLCM | Cluster prominence | 0.022046 |
| GLSZM | Grey level variance | 0.021275 |
| NGTDM | Contrast | 0.020502 |
| First order | 10th percentile | 0.015568 |
| GLDM | Low grey level emphasis | 0.014150 |
| GLCM | Difference entropy | 0.011605 |
| GLSZM | Zone entropy | 0.010051 |
| GLRLM | Long run low grey level emphasis | 0.008825 |
| GLCM | Informational measure of correlation 1 | 0.006491 |
| GLCM | Difference average | 0.005938 |
| GLCM | Maximal correlation coefficient | 0.005586 |
| GLDM | Large dependence high grey level emphasis | 0.003520 |
| First order | Maximum | 0.002755 |
| GLCM | Cluster shade | 0.002638 |
| First order | Range | 0.001136 |
| First order | Median | 0.000355 |
| GLCM | Contrast | 0.000251 |
| GLDM | Dependence non-uniformity | 0.000230 |
| GLSZM | Size zone non-uniformity | 7.60E-05 |
| NGTDM | Busyness | 6.60E-05 |
| GLCM | Correlation | 2.40E-05 |
| GLSZM | Grey level non-uniformity | 1.40E-05 |
| NGTDM | Complexity | 1.40E-05 |
| GLCM | Difference variance | 5.00E-06 |
| NGTDM | Coarseness | 0.000000 |
| First order | Skewness | 0.000000 |
| First order | Energy | 0.000000 |
| First order | Total energy | 0.000000 |
| First order | Kurtosis | 0.000000 |
| GLRLM | Run length non-uniformity | 0.000000 |
| GLDM | Grey level non-uniformity | 0.000000 |
| GLRLM | Grey level non-uniformity | 0.000000 |