Table 1.
Clinical characteristics, and maternal and perinatal outcomes among women with and without a COVID-19 diagnosis
| Characteristic and outcome | COVID-19 group | Control group | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, years; median (IQR) | 29.85 (10) | 29.53 (9) | 0.751 |
| Parity, n/N (%) | |||
| Nulliparous | 35/84 (41.7) | 22/88 (25) | 0.013 |
| Primiparous | 21/84 (25) | 31/88 (35.2) | 0.144 |
| Multiparous | 28/84 (41.7) | 35/88 (39.8) | 0.844 |
| Comorbidities, n/N (%) | 34/84 (40.5) | 35/88 (39.8) | 0.920 |
| Obstetric ultrasound abnormalities,† n/N (%) | 11/47 (23.4) | 1/53 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
| Cesarean delivery, n/N (%) | 52/80 (65) | 50/84 (59.5) | 0.470 |
| Preterm birth (< 37 weeks), n/N (%) | 15/80 (18.8) | 6/84 (7.1) | 0.026 |
| Small for gestational age,‡ n/N (%) | 7/80 (8.8) | 2/84 (2.4) | 0.073 |
| Apgar score at 5 min < 7, n/N (%) | 6/77 (7.8) | 4/84 (4.8) | 0.426 |
| Postpartum depression,§ n/N (%) | 18/40 (45) | 12/61 (19.7) | 0.006 |
| Gestational age at birth, weeks; median (IQR) | 38.2 (2.1) | 38.7 (1.9) | 0.054 |
| Birthweight, g; mean (SD) | 3,176.4 (519.5) | 3,266.5 (461.2) | 0.502 |
IQR = interquartile range.
*
The χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables; Student’s t-test or the Mann–Whitney U test was used for continuous variables.
†
Patients without comorbidities in both groups and at least 2 ultrasounds performed by the same professional.
‡
Less than the 10th percentile (International INTERGROWTH-21st Newborn Size Standards).
§
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score ≥ 11.