Table 3.
Brain structural parameters volumes by sex and group.
| Brain structural parameters volumes | Males | Females | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High SA Group (n = 42) |
Low SA Group (n = 16) |
p-value | High SA Group (n = 21) |
Low SA Group (n = 23) |
p-value | |
| volumes (cc) | ||||||
| Brain segmentation without ventricles | 1279.36 ± 82.80 | 1229.29 ± 114.67 | .0705 | 1165.78 ± 93.18 | 1083.98 ± 68.16 | .0017** |
| Cortical gray matter | 547.76 ± 41.52 | 525.91 ± 40.56 | .0768 | 500.09 ± 37.74 | 465.76 ± 34.19 | .0029** |
| Left hemisphere cortical gray matter | 274.23 ± 20.95 | 261.82 ± 20.46 | .0473* | 249.45 ± 19.56 | 232.39 ± 17.43 | .0038** |
| Right hemisphere cortical gray matter | 273.54 ± 20.73 | 264.08 ± 20.28 | .1242 | 250.64 ± 18.31 | 233.38 ± 16.88 | .0022** |
| Cerebral white matter | 496.90 ± 39.76 | 493.80 ± 64.88 | .8257 | 453.56 ± 42.91 | 427.64 ± 39.09 | .0421* |
| Left hemisphere cerebral white matter | 248.80 ± 19.89 | 246.38 ± 32.45 | .7309 | 226.85 ± 21.85 | 213.14 ± 19.39 | .0330* |
| Right hemisphere cerebral white matter | 248.10 ± 19.97 | 247.42 ± 32.55 | .9236 | 226.71 ± 21.14 | 214.50 ± 19.80 | .0545 |
| Gray matter | 751.55 ± 48.08 | 705.31 ± 55.26 | .0027** | 681.11 ± 52.12 | 628.74 ± 34.93 | .0003*** |
| Subcortical gray matter | 66.38 ± 4.49 | 62.90 ± 5.76 | .0181* | 60.99 ± 4.89 | 57.68 ± 4.38 | .0224* |
| Supratentorial | 1130.84 ± 79.52 | 1101.80 ± 101.68 | .2554 | 1032.82 ± 81.59 | 967.03 ± 70.09 | .0063** |
| Left cerebellum white matter | 15.86 ± 2.22 | 15.67 ± 2.28 | .7690 | 16.08 ± 2.81 | 14.42 ± 1.77 | .0235* |
| Left inferior frontal gyrus | 2.71 ± 0.14 | 2.65 ± 0.16 | .2202 | 2.76 ± 0.18 | 2.63 ± 0.12 | .0172* |
| Left cerebellum cortex | 65.54 ± 8.71 | 56.82 ± 7.34 | .0008*** | 57.87 ± 8.31 | 51.76 ± 5.71 | .0065** |
| Left thalamus proper | 8.32 ± 0.69 | 8.02 ± 0.83 | .1729 | 7.85 ± 0.94 | 7.30 ± 0.61 | .0252* |
| Left caudate | 3.99 ± 0.47 | 3.82 ± 0.49 | .2233 | 3.84 ± 0.46 | 3.55 ± 0.41 | .0363* |
| Left putamen | 6.02 ± 0.61 | 5.77 ± 0.81 | .2155 | 5.63 ± 0.69 | 5.50 ± 0.77 | .5610 |
| Left pallidum | 2.21 ± 0.24 | 1.95 ± 0.45 | .0081** | 1.86 ± 0.34 | 1.68 ± 0.34 | .0919 |
| Brainstem | 24.01 ± 3.01 | 21.19 ± 2.98 | .0023** | 21.65 ± 2.83 | 19.01 ± 1.79 | .0006*** |
| Left hippocampus | 4.69 ± 0.38 | 4.31 ± 0.48 | .0033** | 4.33 ± 0.46 | 4.09 ± 0.45 | .0823 |
| Left amygdala | 1.82 ± 0.15 | 1.85 ± 0.17 | .5701 | 1.58 ± 0.15 | 1.57 ± 0.16 | .8600 |
| Left accumbens area | 0.54 ± 0.12 | 0.64 ± 0.12 | .0098** | 0.56 ± 0.15 | 0.56 ± 0.11 | .8324 |
| Left ventral dorsal caudate | 4,61 ± 0.41 | 4.40 ± 0.46 | .0947 | 4.12 ± 0.36 | 3.86 ± 0.35 | .0186* |
| Right inferior frontal gyrus | 2.82 ± 0.20 | 2.66 ± 0.12 | .0039** | 2.84 ± 0.23 | 2.65 ± 0.18 | .0036** |
| Right cerebellum white matter | 15.26 ± 2.17 | 15.08 ± 2.26 | .7798 | 15.59 ± 2.41 | 13.83 ± 1.79 | .0084** |
| Right cerebellum cortex | 67.20 ± 8.53 | 58.79 ± 7.50 | .0010** | 59.70 ± 7.83 | 52.29 ± 5.84 | .0009*** |
| Right thalamus proper | 7.97 ± 0.64 | 7.62 ± 0.73 | .0806 | 7.29 ± 0.69 | 6.87 ± 0.57 | .0368* |
| Right caudate | 4.04 ± 0.45 | 3.85 ± 0.48 | .1535 | 3.91 ± 0.48 | 3.59 ± 0.40 | .0227* |
| Right putamen | 5.99 ± 0.58 | 5.77 ± 0.72 | .2506 | 5.52 ± 0.52 | 5.37 ± 0.59 | .3662 |
| Right pallidum | 2.16 ± 0.23 | 1.86 ± 0.36 | .0003*** | 1.84 ± 0.35 | 1.70 ± 0.25 | .1220 |
| Right hippocampus | 5.99 ± 0.58 | 4.60 ± 0.47 | .0380* | 4.50 ± 0.53 | 4.30 ± 0.43 | .1632 |
| Right amygdala | 2.02 ± 0.19 | 1.96 ± 0.17 | .2280 | 1.75 ± 0.18 | 1.63 ± 0.16 | .0234* |
| Right accumbens area | 0.70 ± 0.10 | 0.65 ± 0.09 | .0732 | 0.64 ± 0.10 | 0.58 ± 0.07 | .0259* |
| Right ventral dorsal caudate | 4.59 ± 0.37 | 4.32 ± 0.43 | .0213* | 4.09 ± 0.36 | 3.83 ± 0.31 | .0147* |
| Posterior corpus callosum | 0.96 ± 0.15 | 1.02 ± 0.21 | .2379 | 1.05 ± 0.13 | 0.96 ± 0.13 | .0347* |
| Middle-posterior corpus callosum | 0.49 ± 0.11 | 0.57 ± 0.12 | .0192* | 0.51 ± 0.12 | 0.52 ± 0.15 | .8776 |
| Central corpus callosum | 0.53 ± 0.15 | 0.63 ± 0.17 | .0414* | 0.56 ± 0.14 | 0.52 ± 0.12 | .2800 |
| Middle-anterior corpus callosum | 0.58 ± 0.18 | 0.63 ± 0.20 | .3889 | 0.61 ± 0.16 | 0.58 ± 0.14 | .5299 |
| Anterior corpus callosum | 0.90 ± 0.18 | 0.97 ± 0.19 | .1957 | 0.97 ± 0.16 | 0.93 ± 0.17 | .4793 |
Results are expressed as mean ± SD. Means were compared by Bonferroni's test. SA: scholastic achievement; PSU: University Selection Test; High SA Group: High PSU scores (> 620, > p75); Low SA Group: Low PSU scores (< 450, < p25). Bonferroni corrected p < .05*; < .01**; < .001***