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. 2022 Nov 16;13:1013973. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1013973

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Copyright © 2022 Tian, Wu, Duan, Zhou, Li, Zheng, Lai, Zhang, Cao and Zhong.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Overview of the possible mechanism of IBA affecting MACE in patients with coronary heart disease. This figure details a summary of the possible mechanism that IBA can increase the incidence of MACE in CHD patients by influencing the metabolism of TRP by C. sporogenes to produce IPA and 5-HIAA. TRP, tryptophan; IBA, indole-3-butyric acid; IPA, indole-3-propionic acid; 5-HIAA, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid; C. sporogenes, Clostridium sporogenes; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; CHD, coronary heart disease.