Table 1.
PH-sensitive antibacterial hydrogels as wound dressings.
| Material(s) | Antibacterial agent(s) | Major finding(s) | Year, ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ag NPs Embedded in Smart Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) |
Ag NPs | Significant antibacterial properties against Acinetobacter and P. aeruginosa | 2011 [145] |
| Hyaluronan/PVA embedded with Ag NPs | Ag NPs | Has high antibacterial activity against E. coli | 2013 [71] |
| Chitosan-PVA | Chitosan-PVA | Antibacterial effect against Bacillus subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli in pH 3 Antibacterial property against Bacillus subtilis, S. aureus, and E. coli in pH 7 |
2013 [146] |
| Synthesis of sodium alginate-based biodegradable pH-sensitive biopolymeric hydrogel | Sodium alginate- ethylene glycol- acrylic acid | Swelling properties at varied pH between acidic and alkaline Inherent Antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus in vitro and in vivo |
2016 [137] |
| pH-sensitive silane crosslinked injectable hydrogel for controlled release of NMS | NMS | The peak of swelling at the acidic phase, lowest at basic and at pH 7 Nontoxic behavior on HeLa cell lines Antibacterial activity against E. coli |
2017 [147] |
| pH-Responsive 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate/citraconic anhydride–modified collagen/ciprofloxacin | Ciprofloxacin | Antibacterial activity against S. aureus | 2017 [148] |
| Multifunctional dressing (Gel-Derma) represents a colorimetric pH sensing array and drug-eluting | Gentamicin | Antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa Soft mechanical properties Biocompatibility properties |
2017 [149] |
| Carbon dots/chitosan | Carbon dot combination with chitosan | High mechanical properties Antibacterial activity against S. aureus Non-toxicity properties on L929 Improve wound healing |
2017 [150] |
| Chitosan/PVA/silver sulfadiazine | Chitosan/silver sulfadiazine | Antibacterial activity against E. coli | 2018 [14] |
| IA, AA/DEG | IA | Highly porous structure Antibacterial activity against S. aureus and Bacillus cereus |
2018 [151] |
| Chitosan/PVP/silver sulfadiazine | Silver sulfadiazine | Antibacterial activity against E. coli High biocompatibility The least swelling at acidic pH and the highest swelling at neutral pH |
2019 [10] |
| CaAlg/NPs/HAO | NPs/HAO |
In vivo and in vitro, high antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus Accelerate formation of blood vessel and healing of wound |
2019 [152] |
| Oxidized starch/ZnO NPs | ZnO | Carboxylate anion leads to the highest swelling ratio at pH = 7 Antibacterial properties against S. aureus and E. coli |
2019 [153] |
| Silver(I)/Poly (2-hydroxyethyl acrylate/IA) | Silver/IA | Synergistic antibacterial effect of silver and IA against MRSA and MMSA Non-toxic on MRC-5 cells |
2019 [154] |
| Cellulosic/chitosan | Chitosan | Swelling occurs at the low level of pH because the amino group of chitosan was protonated Antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and L. monocytogene |
2020 [155] |
| Chitosan with thyme oil cyclodextrin | Thyme oil and cyclodextrin | At pH = 4 showed an increased swelling ratio and enhanced drug release Cell viability on L929 cells Antibacterial ability against E. coli and S. aureus |
2020 [77] |
| CA cross-linked PVA/nano silver | Nano silver/CA | the pH of swelling depended on the amount of CA; drug release occurs at pH = 7.4 Synergistic antibacterial effect of CA and nano silver against E. coli and S. aureus |
2020 [78] |
| pH-responsive hydrogel-Ag NPs | AgNPs | Significant release at pH 7.4 or 10 Antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis in vitro Cell viability on human foreskin fibroblast cell line (HFFs) |
2021 [156] |
| pH-sensitive based dextran and peptide/ceftazidime hydrogel | peptide/ceftazidime | Can inhibit multidrug-resistant bacteria colonizing Promote wound healing Boost the adhesion of epithelial cells |
2022 [157] |
| Self-healing/pH-responsive/polysaccharide/quaternised chitosan (QCS) -based hydrogel | QCS | Release drugs in acidic pH Antibacterial activity was increased by the photothermal-radiation method |
2022 [158] |
| chitosan–graft-poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (HEMA) hydrogel | (CHI-HEMA) | Antimicrobial ability against gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria | 2022 [159] |
| PVA-bacterial cellulose-functionalized-Graphene oxide- Curcumin (PVA-BC-f-GO) | GO- Curcumin | Antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa have physical-mechanical properties | 2022 [160] |
Abbreviations: (AA) Acrylic acid; (CA) Citric acid; (DEG) Diethylene glycol; (IA) Itaconic acid; (NMS) Neomycin sulfate; (PVA) Polyvinyl alcohol; (Ag NPs) Silver nanoparticles; (HFFs) Human foreskin fibroblast cell line; (ZnO NPs) Zinc oxide nanoparticles; (HAOs) hyaluronan oligosaccharides; (QCS) quaternised chitosan; (HEMA) hydroxyethyl methacrylate.