Table 2.
Thermo-sensitive antibacterial hydrogels as wound dressings.
| Material(s) | Antibacterial agent(s) | Major finding(s) | Year, ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| N-isopropylacrylamide and Ag NPs | Ag NPs | Antibacterial against Gram-positive (S. epidermidis) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria in vitro Thermo-responsive behavior |
2014 [172] |
| Chitosan and Poly (N, N-diethylacrylamide) loaded gentamicin/ciprofloxacin | Chitosan and gentamicin or ciprofloxacin | Thermo-responsive hydrogel with proper adhesion of the dressing Drug loading capacity In vitro antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa |
2014 [173] |
| Chitosan/PNIPAAm modified cotton | Modified cotton fabrics | A drastic decrease in colonization of E. coli and S. aureus up to 99% | 2016 [174] |
| Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(l-lactic acid-co-ϵ-caprolactone), and ciprofloxacin | Ciprofloxacin | Thermo-responsive swelling behavior Antibacterial activity killed E. coli and S. aureus Biocompatible and nontoxic on L929 Improve in vivo wound closure |
2017 [175] |
| Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), cellulose nanocrystals, and metronidazole | Metronidazole | Drug loaded potential Thermo-responsive hybrid gel Antimicrobial effect |
2017 [176] |
| Poly (di (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate, poly (l-lactic acid-co-e-caprolactone), and ciprofloxacin | Ciprofloxacin | Thermo-responsive and drug-loaded capacity Antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus In vitro safety on L929 cells and biocompatibility In vivo wound healing |
2017 [177] |
| M-Arg, NIPAAm, N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide, CHX, and polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate | CHX | Antibacterial thermo-sensitive hydrogel (killed S. aureus and E. coli) Non-toxicity in vivo and in vitro Anti-protein adsorption property Accelerated the full-thickness treatment of the wound |
2018 [178] |
| Methylcellulose and silver oxide nanoparticles | Silver oxide nanoparticles | Injectable thermo-sensitive hydrogel About 99.9% of antibacterial activity In vivo burned skin treatment |
2018 [179] |
| PNIPAm-alginate and AgNPs | AgNPs | Thermo-responsive antibacterial AADs in vivo wound healing | 2019 [180] |
| Thermo-responsive chitosan | Chitosan | Cell viability on Hu02 fibroblast cells Antibacterial activity against XDR Acinetobacter baumannii in vitro and in vivo Promote re-epithelialization |
2020 [169] |
| Poloxamer 188 and poloxamer 407 and gentamicin | Gentamicin | Injectable hydrogel with antibacterial activity against E. coli, B. cereus, S. aureus, and MRSA | 2021 [181] |
| Cotton fibers, cyclodextrins (HP-β-CD, DM-β-CD, and β-CDP), curcumin, (CS-g-PVCL) polymer, and citric acid | Cyclodextrins and curcumin | Non-toxic, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties | 2021 [182] |
| Pluronic F-68 and Pluronic F-127, loaded with glucose oxidase (GOx@F68/F127) | glucose oxidase | 100% antibacterial activity for Staphylococcus aureus at 0.65 μg/mL and 100% for Escherichia coli at 0.6 μg/mL High biocompatibility promote wound healing; (GOx@F68/F127) 98% VS control group 30% |
2022 [183] |
| hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCS) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) cross-linking by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and adamantyl (AD) and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DG); (HP-3/DG10) | dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DG) | Antibacterial activity against S.aureus and anti-inflammatory properties Biocompatibility Improved tissue remolding and collagen deposition |
2022 [184] |
| RA-Amps, RADA16 with (Amps), PNIPAM, MGF E peptide (PNI/RA-Amps/E) | antibacterial peptide (Amps) | Thermo-responsive, injectable and compatible with good mechanical properties Enhance collagen generation and accelerate epithelialization at the wound site |
2022 [185] |
| vinyl carboxymethyl chitosan (CG) and graphene (GM) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride; (NIPAM-CG/GM) | Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride | Thermo-responsive with drug release at a physiological temperature of 37 °C and antibacterial activity against S. aureus or E. coli | 2022 [186] |
| Pluronic F127, PF127 and a complex of zinc and metformin (ZnMet); (ZnMet-PF127) | zinc and metformin (ZnMet) | The sparable, thermo-responsive hydrogel Acceleration in the healing of traumatic skin defect and burn skin injury by enhancing cell proliferation, angiogenesis, collagen formation Anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus or E. coli at the wound site |
2022 [187] |
Abbreviations: (AADs) Active adhesive dressings; (CHX) Chlorhexidine diacetate; (CW/NPs/HBC-HG) Chitin whisker and carboxymethyl/chitosan nanoparticles and hydroxybutyl chitosan; (GS) Gentamicin sulfate; (M-Arg) Methacrylate arginine; (NIPAAm) N-isopropyl acrylamide monomers; (XDR) Extensively drug-resistant.