Table 2. Differences in cognitive score between countries explained by childhood circumstances.

Item	CN and US					CN and EU
	Overall gap	Explained gap	Explained proportion (%)	95% confidence interval (%)		Overall gap	Explained gap	Explained proportion (%)	95% confidence interval (%)
Notes: The reference group for parental health is “Father (Mother): Higher lifespan than average”, and the reference group for family SES in childhood is “Father (Mother): No school”. Abbreviation: CN=China, US=the United States; EU=the European Union; SES=Socioeconomic Status.
Difference (standardized score of cognitive score)	1.2	0.80	65.40	(59.4, 71.4)		1.4	0.50	38.20	(35.1, 41.2)
War / famine experiences		0.02	1.30	(0.7, 1.9)			0.02	1.60	(1.3, 2.0)
Parental health		0.04	3.50	(2.6, 4.4)			0.01	0.60	(0.2, 1.0)
Father: alive		−0.00	−0.07	(−0.4, 0.2)			−0.00	−0.20	(−0.4, −0.01)
Father: < average lifespan		−0.00	−0.20	(−0.4, −0.09)			−0.00	−0.20	(−0.3, −0.09)
Mother: alive		−0.01	−1.10	(−1.0, −0.6)			−0.01	−0.70	(−0.9, −0.6)
Mother: < average lifespan		0.00	0.01	(−0.04, 0.06)			−0.00	−0.07	(−0.1, 0.007)
Family SES		0.70	57.60	(51.8, 63.4)			0.50	35.00	(31.9, 38.0)
Father: < primary school		−0.30	−3.80	(−4.4, −3.1)			−0.03	−2.50	(−3.1, −1.9)
Father: primary school		0.10	0.90	(0.6, 1.2)			0.05	3.70	(2.8, 4.5)
Father: secondary school		1.40	18.40	(15.4, 21.5)			0.05	3.70	(3.2, 4.3)
Father: college and above		0.50	5.90	(4.9, 6.9)			0.10	8.20	(7.2, 9.3)
Mother: < primary school		0.02	0.20	(0.02, 0.4)			0.00	0.20	(−0.003, 0.3)
Mother: primary school		0.20	2.40	(1.7, 3.1)			0. 10	9.20	(7.7, 10.7)
Mother: secondary school		2.00	26.80	(21.7, 31.8)			0.09	6.60	(5.8, 7.4)
Mother: college and above		0.50	6.80	(5.6, 8.0)			0.08	5.90	(5.2, 6.5)
Childhood health		0.30	4.40	(3.2, 5.6)			0.01	1.00	(0.8, 1.3)
Child abuse		−0.10	−1.40	(−2.1, −0.7)			−0.00	−0.04	(−0.08, 0.0007)