Table 7.
Panel ARDL results.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCC countries (a) | ||||
| Long-run Equation | ||||
| Ict | −0.000600 | −0.0049440*** | −0.015521 | −2.561476 |
| Mobile | 0.1093993*** | 0.046475*** | −0.405479*** | 0.270937 |
| Tram | −0.137944*** | 0.106300*** | 0.793005*** | 2.059094 |
| Short-run equation | ||||
| CointeQ01 | −0.131353 | −0.300004** | −0.88190 | −0.076496 |
| D [Dependant variable (-1)] | 0.336958*** | 0.203298 | 0.165236 | 1.189479 |
| D (ict) | 0.001714 | −0.008856 | −0.00326 | 0.150450 |
| D (Mobile) | −0.011846 | −0.004859 | −0.012023 | −0.097120 |
| D (Tram) | 0.008838 | 0.001553 | −0.005784 | −0.149204 |
| AIC criteria | −5.751198 | −3.917388 | −5.314600 | −3.166857 |
| Schwarz criteria | −4.427140 | −3.011453 | −3.990541 | −1.842798 |
| Log Likelihood | 402.0719 | 274.0433 | 375.8760 | 247.0114 |
| Advanced countries (b) | ||||
| Long-run Equation | ||||
| Ict | 0.159112*** | 0.275712*** | −0.095697*** | −0.374650*** |
| Mobile | 0.082525*** | −0.065814* | 0.008114 | 0.085861 |
| Tram | −0.0113448*** | −0.073502*** | 0.012615*** | 0.198459** |
| Short-run equation | ||||
| CointeQ01 | −0.289455*** | −0.358416*** | −0.263254*** | −0.202385* |
| D [Dependant variable(−1)] | 0.452032*** | −0.065845** | −0.008722 | |
| D (ict) | −0.050052 | −0.118144*** | 0.028629*** | −0.003235 |
| D (Mobile) | −0.046554 | −0.063591 | 0.010265 | 0.092303 |
| D (Tram) | 0.113003*** | 0.038430 | −0.001031 | −0.011340 |
| AIC criteria | −5.555948 | −5.194752 | −7.185032 | −5.357264 |
| Schwarz criteria | −4.272868 | −4.046733 | −6.307136 | −4.614429 |
| Log Likelihood | 407.0247 | 378.2694 | 491.6570 | 370.5076 |
***, **, and * denote 1, 5, and 10% significant levels, respectively.