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. 2022 Nov 30;62(3):1165–1184. doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-03058-9

Table 2.

Self-reported daily fluid intake by race/ethnicity and sex

Black/African American American Indian Asian White/Caucasian Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander Other Hispanic or Latino or Spanish v Overall
Female (N = 137) Male (N = 31) Female (N = 20) Male (N = 6) Female (N = 35) Male (N = 18) Female (N = 544) Male (N = 175) Female (N = 1) Female (N = 25) Male (N = 7) Female (N = 82) Male (N = 16) Female (N = 766) Male (N = 241)
Total Fluid (mL)
Mean (SD) 2000 (1040) 2330 (1640) 1790 (1020) 3370 (2120) 1810 (833) 1730 (790) 1840 (955) 2220 (1770) 1530 (NA) 1580 (908) 2170 (795) 1840 (955) 2220 (1770) 1920 (960) 2400 (1270)
Median [Min, Max] 1850 [467, 7100] 1800 [532, 7140] 1520 [526, 4330] 2690 [1750, 7540] 1820 [390, 3790] 1700 [532, 3620] 1690 [272, 5750] 1460 [544, 6600] 1530 [1530, 1530] 1320 [272, 4470] 2310 [1080, 3220] 1690 [272, 5750] 1460 [544, 6600] 1770 [118, 7980] 2170 [532, 7540]
Water (mL)
Mean (SD) 1010 (550) 1050 (561) 793 (576) 942 (694) 1010 (448) 1060 (493) 936 (568) 736 (504) 1060 (NA) 880 (567) 936 (532) 936 (568) 736 (504) 963 (549) 1010 (519)
Median [Min, Max] 1060 [0, 1860] 1060 [189, 1860] 710 [94.6, 1770] 1060 [142, 1770] 1060 [331, 1860] 1060 [94.6, 1860] 828 [0, 1860] 665 [142, 1860] 1060 [1060, 1060] 946 [124, 1860] 710 [166, 1770] 828 [0, 1860] 665 [142, 1860] 946 [0, 1860] 1060 [47.3, 1860]
Beer (mL)
Mean (SD) 23.7 (82.3) 37.5 (99.9) 49.7 (78.7) 291 (418) 16.6 (37.9) 5.59 (13.8) 47.8 (168) 236 (307) 142 (NA) 14.7 (39.4) 79.4 (98.7) 47.8 (168) 236 (307) 39.6 (95.2) 116 (260)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 591] 0 [0, 473] 0 [0, 248] 124 [0, 1060] 0 [0, 142] 0 [0, 47.3] 0 [0, 1240] 237 [0, 1180] 142 [142, 142] 0 [0, 189] 23.7 [0, 248] 0 [0, 1240] 237 [0, 1180] 0 [0, 1240] 0 [0, 1860]
Missing 16 (19.5%) 3 (18.8%) 16 (19.5%) 3 (18.8%)
Wine (mL)
Mean (SD) 46.0 (127) 24.5 (72.8) 42.5 (58.9) 240 (403) 15.9 (35.4) 18.9 (51.3) 36.6 (79.2) 39.8 (97.7) 59.2 (NA) 28.6 (52.1) 27.2 (39.1) 36.6 (79.2) 39.8 (97.7) 41.4 (100) 34.4 (101)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 1180] 0 [0, 355] 0 [0, 189] 62.1 [0, 946] 0 [0, 142] 0 [0, 189] 0 [0, 473] 0 [0, 331] 59.2 [59.2, 59.2] 0 [0, 189] 17.7 [0, 94.6] 0 [0, 473] 0 [0, 331] 0 [0, 1180] 0 [0, 946]
Missing 16 (11.7%) 3 (9.7%) 4 (20.0%) 1 (16.7%) 9 (25.7%) 2 (11.1%) 13 (15.9%) 5 (31.2%) 0 (0%) 6 (24.0%) 2 (28.6%) 13 (15.9%) 5 (31.2%) 114 (14.9%) 35 (14.5%)
Hard Liquor (mL)
Mean (SD) 23.3 (78.1) 30.1 (69.8) 21.7 (49.7) 126 (286) 12.8 (44.7) 12.8 (30.5) 11.5 (34.9) 131 (357) 0 (NA) 8.28 (29.6) 23.7 (45.4) 11.5 (34.9) 131 (357) 16.4 (51.9) 34.9 (108)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 710] 0 [0, 248] 0 [0, 189] 11.8 [0, 710] 0 [0, 237] 0 [0, 94.6] 0 [0, 177] 8.87 [0, 1240] 0 [0, 0] 0 [0, 142] 0 [0, 124] 0 [0, 177] 8.87 [0, 1240] 0 [0, 710] 0 [0, 1240]
Missing 18 (22.0%) 4 (25.0%) 18 (22.0%) 4 (25.0%)
Coffee (mL)
Mean (SD) 124 (252) 55.5 (175) 139 (229) 447 (717) 151 (217) 125 (226) 158 (195) 203 (247) 166 (NA) 115 (149) 279 (311) 158 (195) 203 (247) 179 (272) 278 (409)
Median [Min, Max] 17.7 [0, 1770] 0 [0, 946] 17.7 [0, 710] 172 [0, 1860] 47.3 [0, 946] 23.7 [0, 710] 94.6 [0, 946] 94.6 [0, 710] 166 [166, 166] 23.7 [0, 532] 237 [0, 710] 94.6 [0, 946] 94.6 [0, 710] 71.0 [0, 1770] 94.6 [0, 1860]
Missing 11 (13.4%) 3 (18.8%) 11 (13.4%) 3 (18.8%)
Energy Drinks (mL)
Mean (SD) 26.5 (119) 118 (255) 3.55 (10.9) 29.6 (39.4) 7.44 (29.1) 29.9 (111) 34.1 (93.2) 183 (314) 0 (NA) 50.6 (124) 65.9 (86.4) 34.1 (93.2) 183 (314) 29.3 (100) 86.2 (213)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 1060] 0 [0, 1240] 0 [0, 35.5] 11.8 [0, 94.6] 0 [0, 166] 0 [0, 473] 0 [0, 473] 41.4 [0, 1180] 0 [0, 0] 0 [0, 473] 35.5 [0, 237] 0 [0, 473] 41.4 [0, 1180] 0 [0, 1240] 0 [0, 1860]
Missing 18 (22.0%) 2 (12.5%) 18 (22.0%) 2 (12.5%)
Milk (mL)
Mean (SD) 66.1 (178) 109 (256) 143 (208) 280 (232) 108 (155) 69.7 (90.4) 80.1 (152) 97.8 (100) 0 (NA) 96.5 (235) 35.5 (54.2) 80.1 (152) 97.8 (100) 71.9 (161) 141 (278)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 1770] 23.7 [0, 1420] 0 [0, 710] 243 [0, 710] 23.7 [0, 532] 11.8 [0, 237] 23.7 [0, 1180] 94.6 [0, 331] 0 [0, 0] 17.7 [0, 1180] 0 [0, 142] 23.7 [0, 1180] 94.6 [0, 331] 0 [0, 1770] 23.7 [0, 1860]
Missing 2 (2.4%) 3 (18.8%) 2 (2.4%) 3 (18.8%)
Low Fat Milk (mL)
Mean (SD) 24.2 (96.2) 20.8 (36.1) 16.6 (36.1) 15.8 (38.6) 72.7 (132) 33.8 (77.1) 0 [0, 1060] 0 [0, 710] 35.5 (NA) 9.23 (26.3) 55.8 (100) 26.5 (57.4) 113 (339) 29.9 (87.3) 36.9 (116)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 946] 0 [0, 94.6] 0 [0, 124] 0 [0, 94.6] 0 [0, 473] 0 [0, 237] 43.8 (131) 40.6 (72.5) 35.5 [35.5, 35.5] 0 [0, 94.6] 0 [0, 248] 0 [0, 237] 0 [0, 1180] 0 [0, 1060] 0 [0, 1180]
Missing 9 (11.0%) 4 (25.0%)
Nut Milk (mL)
Mean (SD) 61.0 (159) 34.9 (63.5) 54.7 (79.6) 56.2 (98.1) 89.4 (221) 0.986 (4.18) 0 [0, 1420] 0 [0, 473] 0 (NA) 53.5 (109) 67.6 (94.1) 75.4 (132) 70.1 (160) 47.9 (119) 33.3 (85.2)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 1180] 0 [0, 248] 11.8 [0, 237] 8.87 [0, 248] 0 [0, 1180] 0 [0, 17.7] 0 [0, 0] 0 [0, 473] 0 [0, 237] 0 [0, 710] 0 [0, 591] 0 [0, 1180] 0 [0, 710]
Missing 10 (12.2%) 2 (12.5%)
Fruit Juice (mL)
Mean (SD) 210 (355) 227 (417) 91.7 (219) 84.8 (133) 55.3 (89.6) 69.0 (167) 37.6 (150) 41.6 (109) 23.7 (NA) 109 (207) 66.8 (83.0) 108 (226) 69.3 (96.6) 77.6 (204) 69.4 (179)
Median [Min, Max] 94.6 [0, 1860] 47.3 [0, 1420] 0 [0, 946] 17.7 [0, 331] 0 [0, 355] 11.8 [0, 710] 0 [0, 1770] 0 [0, 710] 23.7 [23.7, 23.7] 0 [0, 710] 17.7 [0, 189] 17.7 [0, 1420] 11.8 [0, 331] 0 [0, 1860] 0 [0, 1420]
Missing 3 (3.7%) 2 (12.5%)
Sweetened Juice Beverages (mL)
Mean (SD) 109 (262) 177 (356) 31.9 (81.4) 79.9 (164) 39.4 (106) 57.8 (118) 101 (221) 165 (306) 0 (NA) 57.5 (147) 62.5 (70.6) 80.7 (250) 65.1 (105) 51.1 (174) 62.5 (169)
Median [Min, Max] 17.7 [0, 1860] 23.7 [0, 1420] 0 [0, 355] 20.7 [0, 414] 0 [0, 532] 0 [0, 473] 0 [0, 1860] 35.5 [0, 1770] 0 [0, 0] 0 [0, 710] 59.2 [0, 189] 0 [0, 1770] 23.7 [0, 355] 0 [0, 1860] 0 [0, 1420]
Missing 8 (9.8%) 4 (25.0%)
Soft Drinks (mL)
Mean (SD) 77.2 (222) 90.4 (234) 102 (133) 302 (401) 14.5 (33.4) 79.9 (121) 81.1 (242) 64.6 (191) 35.5 (NA) 36.0 (82.6) 55.8 (122) 80.0 (201) 217 (372) 90.1 (212) 148 (285)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 1860] 0 [0, 946] 41.4 [0, 473] 142 [0, 1060] 0 [0, 94.6] 29.6 [0, 473] 0 [0, 1860] 0 [0, 1420] 35.5 [35.5, 35.5] 0 [0, 355] 0 [0, 331] 0 [0, 1180] 53.2 [0, 1180] 0 [0, 1860] 23.7 [0, 1770]
Missing 10 (12.2%) 2 (12.5%)
Diet Drinks (mL)
Mean (SD) 32.3 (125) 132 (453) 23.7 (80.9) 246 (424) 28.4 (100) 44.7 (117) 1.62 (5.93) 2.22 (7.03) 0 (NA) 16.6 (56.1) 123 (175) 77.2 (314) 101 (153) 65.9 (214) 77.9 (243)
Median [Min, Max] 0 [0, 946] 0 [0, 1860] 0 [0, 355] 29.6 [0, 1060] 0 [0, 473] 0 [0, 473] 0 [0, 63.0] 0 [0, 60.0] 0 [0, 0] 0 [0, 248] 35.5 [0, 473] 0 [0, 1860] 8.87 [0, 473] 0 [0, 1860] 0 [0, 1860]
Missing 102 (18.8%) 27 (15.4%) 15 (18.3%) 4 (25.0%)
Sweet Tea (mL) 2.22 (6.73) 2.30 (7.53) 1.53 (2.59) 3.06 (6.51) 1.19 (3.27) 0.686 (2.12) NA (NA) 0.981 (2.74) 1.52 (2.78) 1.69 (5.83) 2.16 (6.76)
Mean (SD) 0 [0, 63.0] 0 [0, 40.0] 0 [0, 8.00] 0 [0, 14.7] 0 [0, 16.0] 0 [0, 8.00] NA [NA, NA] 0 [0, 11.2] 0 [0, 6.40] 1.17 (5.35) 2.20 (3.87) 0 [0, 63.0] 0 [0, 60.0]
Median [Min, Max] 17 (12.4%) 2 (6.5%) 0 (0%) 1 (16.7%) 8 (22.9%) 4 (22.2%) 1 (100%) 4 (16.0%) 2 (28.6%) 0 [0, 42.0] 0 [0, 11.2] 132 (17.2%) 38 (15.8%)
Missing 15 (18.3%) 4 (25.0%)