Table 1.
Associations between Risk Contexts and Additional IPV Risk Factors.
| Descriptive Associations between Risk Contexts and Additional IPV Risk Factors | Multinomial Regression of Additional IPV Risk Factors (Reference: Class 1: Non-Patriarchal Egalitarian Contexts with Low Rates of Homicide) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Class 2: Patriarchal Post-colonial Contexts with High Rates of Homicide vs Class 1 | Class 3: Patriarchal Post-colonial Conflict and Disaster-affected Contexts vs Class 1 | ||||||||||||
| Total | Class 1: Non-patriarchal Egalitarian Contexts with Low Rates of Homicide | Class 2: Patriarchal Post-colonial Contexts with High Rates of Homicide | Class 3: Patriarchal Post-colonial Conflict and Disaster-affected Contexts | p-value | Unadjusted | p-value | Mutually Adjusted (N = 1,234) | p-value | Unadjusted | p-value | Mutually Adjusted (N = 1,234) | p-value | ||
| Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Est. (95% CI) | Est. (95% CI) | Est. (95% CI) | Est. (95% CI) | |||||||
| Refugees (% Pop.) | 4,755 | 0.8 (0.3, 1.3) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.5) | 0.9 (0.2, 1.6) | 0.9 (0.2, 1.6) | 0.309 | 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) | 0.092 | −0.4 (−0.7, 0.0) | 0.033 | 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) | 0.098 | −0.5 (−0.9, −0.2) | 0.005 |
| Living with a disability (% Pop.) | 1,654 | 3.2 (2.5, 4.0) | 4.2 (1.5, 6.9) | 3.8 (2.4, 5.3) | 2.7 (1.9, 3.5) | 0.287 | 0.0 (−0.2, 0.2) | 0.880 | −0.1 (−0.3, 0.1) | 0.191 | −0.2 (−0.4, 0.0) | 0.121 | −0.3 (−0.6, −0.1) | 0.002 |
| Mental health disorders (% Pop.) | 5,725 | 13.0 (12.6, 13.3) | 14.5 (13.8, 15.2) | 12.1 (11.8, 12.5) | 12.9 (12.4, 13.4) | <0.001 | −0.5 (−0.6, −0.3) | <0.001 | −0.7 (−1.4, −0.1) | 0.029 | −0.3 (−0.5, −0.1) | <0.001 | −0.7 (−1.4, −0.1) | 0.034 |
| Alcohol consumption (l per capita: Men) | 3,767 | 9.7 (8.7, 10.7) | 15.5 (14.0, 16.9) | 8.1 (7.0, 9.2) | 7.8 (6.4, 9.1) | <0.001 | −0.2 (−0.2, −0.1) | <0.001 | −0.2 (−0.7, 0.2) | 0.376 | −0.2 (−0.3, −0.1) | <0.001 | −0.2 (−0.6, 0.3) | 0.421 |
| Substance use disorders (% Men) | 5,725 | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.5) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | <0.001 | −1.2 (−1.8, −0.6) | <0.001 | 8.0 (0.2, 15.9) | 0.046 | −0.3 (−0.7, 0.2) | 0.246 | 11.7 (3.8, 19.5) | 0.004 |
| HIV/AIDS (% Pop. 15−49 yrs) | 5,725 | 1.4 (0.9, 1.9) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) | 2.5 (1.3, 3.6) | 1.1 (0.6, 1.5) | <0.001 | 1.6 (0.3, 2.9) | 0.014 | 0.2 (−6.9, 7.4) | 0.949 | 1.5 (0.2, 2.8) | 0.023 | 0.1 (−7.1, 7.2) | 0.984 |
| Median age of total population (yrs) | 5,709 | 26.1 (25.0, 27.2) | 36.5 (35.3, 37.6) | 21.9 (20.8, 22.9) | 24.2 (22.9, 25.4) | <0.001 | −0.3 (−0.4, −0.3) | <0.001 | −0.7 (−1.1, −0.3) | <0.001 | −0.3 (−0.4, −0.2) | <0.001 | −0.9 (−1.3, −0.5) | <0.001 |
Est = Estimate; CI = Confidence Interval. Risk factors measured at country-year level. Descriptive associations adjusted for clustering within countries and weighted by the posterior probabilities of latent class membership. p-values for Wald tests for comparison of means. Multinomial models additionally adjusted for time-based variation. Unadjusted models contain one risk factor only and the number of observations (n) varies between models due to differing levels of missing data. Mutually adjusted models contain all seven risk factors together (N = 1,234 country-years).