Table 1.
Serum concentrations of parameters related to mineral homeostasis and energy metabolism around parturition (days related to calving, prepartum as calculated) presented as means ± SD in case of normal distribution or as median and the 25% and 75% percentiles given in parentheses (data from 15 multiparous cows)1
| Item | Day −7 | Day −3 | Day +1 | Day +3 | Day +7 | T | LN | T × LN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.18 ± 0.34a | 1.88 ± 0.33a,b | 1.60 ± 0.35b | 2.02 ± 0.25a | 2.15 ± 0.29a | <0.0001 (32.3%) | 0.0720 | 0.5681 |
| CrossLaps (ng/mL) | 0.25a | 0.21a | 0.50b | 0.67b | 0.65b | <0.0001 (39.5%) | 0.2362 | 0.6365 |
| (0.18; 0.41) | (0.16; 0.41) | (0.41; 0.67) | (0.46; 0.76) | (0.53; 0.93) | ||||
| Intact osteocalcin (ng/mL) | ||||||||
| All cows (n = 15) | 36.8 | 40.8* | 22.9* | 25.6 | 33.2 | 0.0009 (13.7%) | 0.0045 (23.3%) | 0.1357 |
| (33.3; 45.8) | (26.2; 52.1) | (16.2; 39.9) | (18.9; 36.8) | (24.6; 43.8) | ||||
| Second lactation (n = 7) | 38.8 | 44.9 | 39.9 | 35.1 | 43.2 | |||
| (33.7; 63.5) | (43.7; 58.9) | (28.0; 44.8) | (25.6; 37.0) | (29.4; 44.2) | ||||
| >Second lactation (n = 8) | 34.1 ± 8.49a | 29.6 ± 13.5ab | 17.5 ± 5.28b | 23.3 ± 9.47ab | 30.6 ± 10.8a | |||
| Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ng/mL) | 1.18a | 1.08a | 0.74b | 0.66b | 0.84ab | 0.0008 (3.7%) | 0.1302 | 0.0281 (1.4%) |
| (0.76; 3.53) | (0.84; 3.41) | (0.59; 3.12) | (0.44; 2.93) | (0.56; 2.77) | ||||
| Insulin (μIU/mL) | 21.3a | 17.5ab | 10.0bc | 7.17c | 5.42c | <0.0001 (40.3%) | 0.7636 | 0.0142 (9.0%) |
| (15.3; 35.1) | (14.5; 22.9) | (4.60; 19.0) | (4.75; 13.8) | (4.00; 7.88) | ||||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 2.51 ± 0.47 | 2.72 ± 0.53 | 2.91 ± 0.91 | 2.70 ± 0.61 | 39.2 ± 2.18 | 0.0592 | 0.7948 | 0.1299 |
| Nonesterified fatty acids (mmol/L) | ||||||||
| All cows (n = 15) | 0.18 | 0.26* | 0.60* | 0.57 | 0.73 | <0.0001 (41.5%) | 0.0055 (7.2%) | 0.0004 (14.2%) |
| (0.15; 0.36) | (0.16; 0.46) | (0.32; 0.99) | (0.47; 0.98) | (0.53; 0.93) | ||||
| Second lactation (n = 7) | 0.15a | 0.16a | 0.32ab | 0.52bc | 0.81c | |||
| (0.12; 0.29) | (0.13; 0.26) | (0.23; 0.52) | (0.47; 0.98) | (0.53; 1.78) | ||||
| >Second lactation (n = 8) | 0.20a | 0.45ab | 0.98c | 0.60bc | 0.59bc | |||
| (0.16; 0.49) | (0.29; 0.77) | (0.70; 1.34) | (0.39; 1.15) | (0.52; 0.80) | ||||
| BHB (mmol/L) | 0.55a | 0.59ab | 0.76ab | 0.86ab | 0.87b | 0.0335 (16.9%) | 0.4508 | 0.7613 |
| (0.48; 0.64) | (0.48; 0.66) | (0.69; 1.11) | (0.64; 1.01) | (1.23; 0.93) | ||||
| IGF1 (ng/mL) | 193a | 140a | 76.8b | 84.3bc | 61.3c | <0.0001 (44.5%) | 0.4465 | 0.0810 |
| (147; 204) | (109; 217) | (51.1; 126) | (36.5; 119) | (29.1; 77.1) |
a–c
Different superscripts indicate significant (P < 0.05) differences between the sampling times.
1
P-values for the factors time (T), lactation number (LN), or their interaction (T × LN) and in case of significant differences the contribution of total variance in % revealed by repeated measures ANOVA.
*
Asterisks indicate differences between second and >second lactation as revealed by Bonferroni's post-test adjusted for multiple comparisons.