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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Sleep Med. 2022 Aug 9;100:39–48. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.07.015

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics.

Variable Imputed Data (N = 600)
M (SD) or n (%)

Age (years) 25.36 (5.08)
Primiparous Women 278 (46.3%)
In a Relationship and Cohabitating 292 (48.7%)
Education
 8th Grade or Less 1 (0.2%)
 Some High School 94 (15.7%)
 Graduated High School or GED 241 (40.2%)
 Some College or Technical School 166 (27.7%)
 Graduated College 66(11.0%)
Some Graduate Work or Degree 32 (5.3%)
Income
 <100% of the Federal Poverty Level 265 (44.2%)
 100–132% of the Federal Poverty Level 92 (15.3%)
 133–149% of the Federal Poverty Level 54 (9.0%)
 150–199% of the Federal Poverty Level 85 (14.2%)
 200–299% of the Federal Poverty Level 41 (6.8%)
 300–399% of the Federal Poverty Level 25 (4.2%)
 >/= 400% of the Federal Poverty Level 38 (6.3%)
Gestational Weeks
 Prenatal Study visit 1 11.16(2.25)
 Prenatal Study visit 2 26.59 (2.73)
Body Mass Index (BMI)a
 Prenatal Study visit 1 28.87 (7.83)
Racial/Ethnic Discrimination (EOD)b
 Prenatal Study visit 1 2.13 (2.37)
 Gendered Racial Stress (JHP)c
 Prenatal Study visit 1 96.36 (20.91)
Depressive Symptoms (EPDS)d
 Prenatal Study visit 1 7.18 (5.48)
 Prenatal Study visit 2 7.03 (5.53)
Sleep Quality (PROMIS)e
 Prenatal Study visit 1 21.47 (7.86)
 Prenatal Study visit 2 22.01 (7.44)

Note.

a

BMI was calculated based on women’s height and weight and was only collected at the first Prenatal Study visit.

b

Scores on the EOD range from 0 to 9.

c

Scores on the JHP range from 43 to 159.

d

EPDS scores range from 0 to 30; in racial/ ethnic minority women, scores greater than or equal to 10 suggest clinically significant depressive symptomatology. EPDS means reported here include the sleep item, but when using EPDS summary scores in all study analyses, the sleep item was removed. Bivariate correlations between the 9 and 10-item EPDS scores were high (r = 0.99, p < 0.001 at Prenatal Study visit 1 and 2).

e

PROMIS scores range from 8 to 40; scores greater than or equal to 25 suggest mild sleep disturbance.