Table 6.

Literature review—presenteeism

	n	Country	Measurement unit	Gender	Normal weight	Overweight	Obesity
							Class I	Class II	Class III
Boles et al. [32]${}^{\text{a}}$	2264	USA	Productivity loss (%)	Both	5.6	7.1
			Productivity loss (days)		14.0	17.6
Pelletier et al. [66]${}^{\text{a}}$	500	USA	Productivity loss (%)	Both	4.7	7.9
			Productivity loss (days)		11.8	19.8
Burton et al. [33]	28,375	USA	Productivity loss (%)	Both	0 (base)	N/A	1.5
			Productivity loss (days)			N/A	3.8
Ricci and Chee [34]	7000	USA	Weekly hours lost	both	4.2	4.2	4.8
			Productivity loss (days)		26.3	26.3	30
Gates et al. [67]${}^{\text{b}}$	341	USA (KY)	Productivity loss (%)	Both	3.3	3.1	2.5	4.2
			Productivity loss (days)		8.1	7.8	6.1	10.4
Finkelstein et al. [28]	10,262	USA	Productivity loss (days)	Women	0 (base)	0.9	6.3	11.0	22.7
	13 878			Men		− 3.3	2.3	5.8	21.9
Goetzel et al. [31]${}^{\text{c}}$	10,026	USA	Productivity loss ($)	Both	1200	1402	1416
			Productivity loss (days)		5.8	6.8	6.9
Kirkham et al. [68]	17,089	USA	Productivity loss (days)	Both	4.2	N/A	N/A	4.7
Gupta et al. [35]	31,653	FRA, DE, IT	Productivity loss (%)	Both	16	15.6	17.6	20.4	29.2
		ESP, UK	Productivity loss (days)		40	39.1	44.0	50.9	73.0

Productivity loss in days is annual; conversion from productivity loss in percent to productivity loss in days is done assuming 250 working days per year.

${}^{\text{a}}$Compares normal weight against BMI<18.5 or >24.9

${}^{\text{b}}$Compares BMI categories with BMI<24.9 (normal weight + underweight)

${}^{\text{c}}$The study uses average wage rate $25.67/h