Table 2. Factors that influence pathogenesis of orthopoxvirus infections.
| Animal | Virus | Route | Inoculum (PFU) | Lesions | Systemic disease | Death (days) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mouse | VV | IN | 105 | - | + | 6–8 | [14,39] |
| ID | 105 | 1 | - | - | [59] ¶ | ||
| IV | 104 | 20–50 | + | - | [14,60] | ||
| ECTV | IN | 1–10 | - | + | 6–8§ | [14,41] | |
| ID | 1 | - | + | 6–8§ | [47] | ||
| Rabbit | RPV | IN | 1–15 | Rash | + | 10–14 | [52] |
| Monkey | MPV | IT | 107 | >100 | + | 15–19 | [61] |
| IV | 107 | >100 | + | 6–16 | [53] | ||
| VARV | IN | 108.5 | Mild | - | - | [62] | |
| IV | 109 | >250 | + | 4–10 | [55] | ||
| Human | VV | ID | 105 | 1 | - | - | [63] |
| VARV | ID | Scab material | 1–50 | + | - | [18] | |
| MPV | IN | Unknown | >100 | + | 20–30* | [18] | |
| VARV | IN | 1 | >100 | + | 20–30‡ | [18] |
*Mortality observed in approximately 10–15% of patients.
‡Mortality observed in approximately 30% of patients.
§In highly susceptible BALB/c mouse strains.
¶Study performed in a hairless immunocompetent mouse. ECTVL Ectromelia virus; ID: Intradermal; IN: Intranasal; IT: Intratracheal; IV: Intravenous; MPV: Monkeypox virus; PFU: Plaque-forming units; RVP: Rabbitpox virus; VARV: Variola virus; VV: Vaccinia virus.