Table 2.

Palpitations findings from two or three groups articles of drug therapies and non-drug therapies (n=24).

1st author year	Placebo benefit		Treatment benefit		Comparison of treatment and placebo benefit
	No	Yes	No	Yes	Same	Difference
DRUG THERAPIES (n=13)
Hormonal agents (n=12)
Anarte 1998 [36]				√		♦	HT + psychological treatment > HT
				√
Carmignani 2010 [38]		●		√	♦		HT = Isoflavone = placebo
				√
Checa 2005 [39]				√	♦		HT > Calcium or raloxifene at 6 not 12 months
				√
				√
Elfituri 2005 [41]				√	♦		Estradiol+dydrogesterone = Tibolone
				√
Fluck 2002 [49]				√		♦	Tibolone > untreated group
Kim 2019 [42]				√	♦		Estrogen = Tibolone
				√
Moyer 2018 [43]	●		√		♦		oCEE = Transdermal E = placebo
			√
Nevinny-Stickel 1983 [50]	●		√		♦		Org OD 14 = placebo
Polo-Kantola 1998 [44]	●		√		♦		HT = placebo
Pornel 1996 [45]				√	♦		(HT) Menorest = Premarin = Estraderm
				√
				√
Takamatsu 2001 [46]				√		♦	HT < Counseling
				√
Tit 2017 [47]				√			HT, isoflavones not reported
				√
Non-hormonal drug therapies (n=1)
Kujala 2014 [54]				√	♦		Moxonidine = Atenolol
				√
NON-DRUG THERAPIES (n=11)
Supplementary treatments - isoflavones&other phytoestrogens (n=4)
Agosta 2011[55]				√	♦		Estromineral = Estromineral Serena
				√
Auerbach 2012 [57]		●		√	♦		Pomegranate seed oil = placebo
Costa 2017 [58]				√	♦		Isoflavone + exercise = Placebo + exercise
				√
Davinelli 2017 [59]		●		√		♦	Equopausa (resveratrol) > placebo
Supplementary treatments - Rheum rhaponticum (n=3)
Hasper 2009 [60]		●		√	♦		ERr 731 = placebo
Heger 2006 [61]	●			√		♦	ERr 731 > placebo
Kaszkin-Bettag 2009 [62]	●			√		♦	ERr 731 > placebo
Supplementary treatments - Salvia officinalis or sage (n=1)
Zeidabadi 2020 [65]	●			√		♦	Salvia officinalis extract > placebo
Supplementary treatments - other (n=2)
Fatima 2017 [66]		●		√		♦	Tribulus terrestris L. > placebo
Park & Kim, 2016 [69]	●			√		♦	Schisandra chinensis > placebo
Psychological intervention (n=1)
Qian 2010 [71]			√	√		♦	Psychological + herbals > single treatment
			√

> indicates that one intervention is superior to another one or placebos; = indicates no effect difference between interventions and/or placebos.

HT = hormonal therapy, oCEE = oral conjugated equine estrogen, ERr 731 = a special extract of Rheum rhaponticum.