Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2022 Jan 6;58(3):589–605. doi: 10.1037/dev0001303

Table 3.

Mean and SDs of Aggregate Social Role Instability by Data Source, Birth-year Group, Age Group, and Sociodemographic Moderators

Monitoring the Future (MTF)
Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID)
Health and Retirement Survey (HRS)
1950–69 1970–89 ≥1990 Net
D
NET SD
∆/%∆
≤1929 1930–49 1950–69 1970–89 ≥1990 Net
D
NET SD
∆/%∆
≤1929 1930–49 1950–69 Net D NET SD
∆/%∆
Men
 Between ages 18–24 1.10 (.62) 1.15 (.65) 1.16 (.70) .10 .08/13% .54 (.46) .71 (.58) .87 (.69) .65 .23/50%
 Between ages 24–30 .76 (.63) .85 (.67) 1.00 (.89) .37 .26/41% .37 (.42) .49 (.56) .60 (.70) .51 .28/67%
 Between ages 30–45 .49 (.57) .58 (.69) .14 .12/21% .22 (.30) .23 (.35) .26 (.46) .10 .16/53%
 Between ages 45–60 .18 (.29) .20 (.29) .19 (.32) .03 .03/10% .19 (.33) .26 (.36) .18 .03/9%
 Between ages 60–75 .13 (.20) .18 (.26) .36 (.34) .94 .14/70% .16 (.25) .17 (.24) .16 (.41) .02 .16/64%
 Between ages 75+ .07 (.18) .06 (.28) −.05 .10/56% .07 (.18) .10 (.21) .19 .03/17%
Women
 Between ages 18–24 1.13 (.60) 1.22 (.64) 1.29 (.71) .26 .11/18% .57 (.44) .77 (.61) .95 (.73) .76 .29/66%
 Between ages 24–30 .74 (.61) .88 (.66) 1.09 (.90) .54 .29/48% .36 (.40) .51 (.56) .65 (.75) .67 .35/88%
 Between ages 30–45 .59 (.56) .67 (.69) .12 .13/23% .22 (.28) .28 (.32) .33 (.46 .29 .18/64%
 Between ages 45–60 .15 (.24) .20 (.28) .20 (.32) .16 .08/33% .17 (.33) .21 (.35) .11 .02/6%
 Between ages 60–75 .08 (.17) .17 (.26) .34 (.32) 1.19 .15/88% .12 (.21) .13 (.21) .24 (.37) .43 .16/76%
 Between ages 75+ .05 (.12) .19 (.21) .99 .09/75% .06 (.14) .09 (.20) .20 .06/43%

Bachelor’s degree
 Between ages 18–24 1.19 (.51) 1.24 (.55) 1.28 (.54) .17 .03/6% .42 (.51) .70 (.63) .92 (.70) .91 .19/37%
 Between ages 24–30 .90 (.60) .96 (.64) 1.18 (.89) .43 .29/48% .38 (.40) .53 (.57) .61 (.82) .50 .42/105%
 Between ages 30–45 .54 (.55) .63 (.69) .14 .14/25% .22 (.27) .21 (.28) .23 (.44) .03 .17/63%
 Between ages 45–60 .12 (.26) .19 (.27) .18 (.29) .18 .03/12% .12 (.33) .24 (.33) .32 .00/0%
 Between ages 60–75 .11 (.17) .17 (.24) .36 (.31) .92 .14/82% .16 (.23) .16 (.23) .23 (.40) .21 .17/74%
 Between ages 75+ .10 (.15) .26 (.22) .87 .07/47% .07 (.17) .10 (.19) .16 .02/12%
No Bachelor’s degree
 Between ages 18–24 1.07 (.65) 1.15 (.72) 1.22 (.76) .22 .11/17% .56 (.44) .76 (.59) .90 (.71) .67 .27/61%
 Between ages 24–30 .66 (.60) .76 (.64) .90 (.93) .36 .33/55% .36 (.41) .48 (.56) .49 (.67) .32 .26/63%
 Between ages 30–45 .55 (.57) .63 (.70) .13 .13/23% .22 (.28) .28 (.35) .34 (.47) .32 .19/68%
 Between ages 45–60 .17 (.24) .20 (.29) .21 (.33) .15 .09/38% .20 (.33) .23 (.36) .09 .03/9%
 Between ages 60–75 .10 (.18) .17 (.24) .33 (.34) 1.03 .16/89% .12 (.23) .15 (.23) .19 (.39) .26 .16/70%
 Between ages 75+ .05 (.15) .10 (.22) .30 .07/47% .06 (.15) .11 (.21) .24 .06/40%

Notes. SDs are in parentheses. Net D, Net ∆ SD, and Net %∆ in SD compare youngest available cohort to oldest available cohort.