Table 1.
Currently available cannabinoids delivery systems
| Name | Formulation | Admin route | Disease | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cannabinoids | Encapsulation within micelles | Oral | [46, 47, 48] | |
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| Arvisol® | CBD | Oral | Rett syndrome, schizophrenia, and epilepsy | [49, 50] |
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| Dronabinol | THC | Syndros as Oral and Marinol as capsule | Pain and nausea | [51, 52] |
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| Nabilone | THC | Oral, capsule | Parkinson's disease | [52, 68, 69] |
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| Epidiolex | CBD | Oral | Dravet syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and severe myoclonic epilepsy | [54, 55, 56] |
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| CardiolRxTM | CBD oil | Oral | Prevent cardiovascular problems in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients | [57, 58] |
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| CBD conjugates | Oral | Cancer | [59] | |
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| TurboCBDTM | CBD in hemp oil | Increasing circulating CBD | [60, 61] | |
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| Nanoemulsion | CBD | Oral | – | [62] |
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| PTL 101 | CBD | Oral | Intractable epilepsy | [61, 63] |
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| Canemes® | CBD cyclodextrins; cannabinoids with sulfo-alkyl-β-CD | Oral | Pain, Parkinson's disease | [68, 69]; [70] |
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| CBD/naproxen | Oral | Acute and chronic pain | [71, 72] | |
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| CBD formulation | Oral | Graft-Versus-Host Disease prevention | [73, 74] | |
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| CBD in self-emulsifying delivery | Oral | Increases bioavailability | [75, 76] | |
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| CBD and THC combination | Oral | Pain-relieving drug | [77, 78] | |
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| AX 1505 | Chewing cum with cannabinoids | Oral | Multiple sclerosis-related pain and spasticity, Parkinson's disease, dementia, restless leg syndrome, and post-herpetic neuralgia | [79, 80, 81] |
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| BCT-521 | Combination of CBD and THC | Oral | Pain management with cancer patients | EudraCT2019-001382-32 |
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| Liquid formulation of CBD: THC combination | Oral | Fibromyalgia | [82] | |
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| THC/CBD (1:1) | Oral | Symptom relief in patients with advanced cancer | [83] | |
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| ZYN001 | Synthetic D-glyceric acid ester prodrug of THC | Transdermal | Fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain | [86] |
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| THC encapsulated in multilayered lipid vesicles | Topical and transdermal | Pain treatment | [87, 88] | |
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| Transcutol®-Neat or Diluted Mixtures | Cannabinoids in a gel formulation | Transdermal | Increased penetration through skin | [91, 92, 93] |
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| Gel containing CBD | Transdermal | Epilepsy, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, fragile-X syndrome, and osteoarthritis | [94, 95, 96] | |
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| CBD and argan oil combination | Transdermal | Pain and edema associated with arthritic inflammation and rheumatic disorders | [97] | |
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| THC prodrugs | Transdermal | Glaucoma patients with pathologically high intraocular pressure lowered ocular pressure | [94, 95] | |
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| CBD and THC | Inhalation | [101] | ||
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| THC, CBD, and various terpenes | Inhalation | Pain and inflammation | [102, 103] | |
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| THC buccal formulation | Transmucosal | Cancer pain management, chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss in AIDS patients | [107] | |
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| BRCX014 | Sublingual formulation of CBD | Transmucosal | Cancer treatment | [108] |
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| Nabiximols | The oromucosal spray | Multiple sclerosis spasticity, overrative bladder, and neuropathic pain management in adults with multiple sclerosis | [32, 33, 109] | |
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| Sativex® with temozolomide | Transmucosal | Cancer pain management, muscle stiffness, post-traumatic stress disorder | [112, 113] | |
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| CBD with Poloxamer 407, carboxymethyl cellulose, and starch | Transmucosal | [114] | ||
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| Combination of CBD and THC | Chewing cum | Pain management, multiple sclerosis-associated spasticity, Parkinson's disease, post-herpetic neuralgia, dementia, and other illnesses | [79, 81] | |
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| CBD formulations | Nasal | [90] | ||
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| Numerous cannabis formulations | Nasal | [115] | ||