Tab. III.

Biologically active metabolites of chili pepper.

Biological activity	Metabolites	Target cell/organism/disorder	Mechanism	References
Anti-proliferative	Quercetin	Glioblastoma multiforme	Regulates several proteins participating in cell signal transduction	[84]
Antimicrobial	Capsaicin	Bacillus, Micrococcus sp., E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., Citrobacter sp., Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Affects membrane stability	[85, 86]
Antiviral	Capsaicin	Guinea pig cutaneous herpes simplex virus	Disrupts virus-neuron connections	[87]
Insecticidal	Capsicum frutescens extracts	A. aegypti mosquitoes	Extract acts as repellent	[88]
Anthelmintic and larvicidal	Capsicum annuum leaf extract essential oils	Cercaria of Schistosoma mansoni	Kills larvae	[89]
Cardiovascular effects	Capsaicin (10-300 μg/kg)	Mongrel dogs	Temporary increase in mean systemic blood pressure	[90]
Anti-inflammatory	Carotenoids	Egg albumin-induced inflammation of rat hind paw	Reduces inflammation	[91]
	Capsaicin	Osteoarthritis	Pain relief	[92]