Tab. II.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrients of the Mediterranean diet used in animal and human studies.

MedDiet component	Nutrient	Study design	Study population	Proposed antioxidant activity	References
Extra virgin olive oil	Total polyphenol fraction of olive oil and hydroxytyrosol.	In vitro	Endothelial cells and murine myoblasts	Redox potential enhanced by increasing glutathione levels and free radical scavenging	[15,16]
	Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol	Randomized	Male Wistar rats	Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol activate GSH, reduce lipid peroxidation, restore glutathione balance in liver	[17]
	Extra virgin olive oil, oleuropein aglycone	Randomized	TgCRND8 mice	Inflammation and neurotoxicity reduced by induction of autophagy and recovery of lysosome system	[18]
Fish and dairy	B-vitamin folate (vitamin B9) and vitamin B12	Transverse	ALS patients	Less inflammatory damage and oxidation, improvement in myocytic atrophy	[19]
Citrus and green tea	Phytochemicals, triterpenoids, resveratrol	Randomized clinical	SOD1 (G93A) mice	Increased SIRT and AMPK resulting in enhanced survival of motor neurons Resveratrol treatment reduces activation of NF-kB pathway in LPS-activated microglia and stabilizes autophagic flux	[20]
Diet enriched with oily fish, seafood, dairy, nuts, vegetables, fruit and eggs	Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)	Transverse	BV-2 murine microglial cells	Unsaturated fatty acid-based decrease in toxic effects of 7-ketocholesterol	[21]