Skip to main content
. 2022 Oct 24;7(3):125–145. doi: 10.1159/000526318

Table 2.

Describe characteristics of included studies for hsPDA

Study and year of publication Country Intervention n Diagnosis of hsPDA GA, weeks BW, g PDA size, mm Age at treatment, h Dose, mg/kg/dose Duration, h Total doses, mg/kg/course
Adamska et al. 2005 [38] Turkey SII 19 Echo 27.6±2 1,003±192 N/A 48 0.2-0.2-0.2 72 0.6
SIB 16 27.7±1.8 1,074±264 10-5-5 72 20
Akisu et al. 2001 [40] Turkey SOI 11 Echo 31.9±1.3 1,645±190 N/A 3.5±0.6 0.2-0.2-0.2 36 0.6
SOB 12 32.1±1.2 1,706±187 10-5-5 72 20
Al-lawama et al. 2018 [41] Jordan HOB 9 Echo & clinical 28.0 (25.0–35.0) 1,192±269 N/A 72–120 10-10-10 72 30
SOA 13 28.0 (23.0–32.0) 1,059±386 10 every 6 h 72 120
Aly et al. 2007 [42] Egypt SII 9 Echo 31.2±2.5 1,521±398 2.3 48–168 0.2-0.2-0.2 36 0.6
SOB 12 32.9±1.6 1,884±485 2.1 10-5-5 72 20
Bagheri et al. 2016 [43] Iran HOB 80 Echo 31.7±2.2 1,643±58 >1.5 82.1±51.0 20-10-10 72 40
SOA 80 31.53±2.3 1,646±59 68.4±30.7 15 every 6 h 72 180
Bagnoli et al. 2013 [44] Italy Plac 67 Echo 27.0±4.0 1,197±835 >1.5 72–96 – – –
SIB 67 27.0±2.5 989±326 10-5-5 72 20
Balachander et al. 2018 [45] India SOB 55 Echo & clinical 31.5±2.9 1,513±415 2.4 79.2±38.4 10-5-5 72 20
SOA 55 31.5±2.9 1,535±408 2.4 79.2±38.4 15 every 6 h 48 120
Cheng et al. 2012 [46] Philippines SII 10 Echo 31.2±2.2 1,435±413 2.8 60–80 0.2–0.1–0.1 36 0.4
SOB 10 32.9±2.2 1,250±321 2.0 10-5-5 36 20
HOB 10 31.1±3.6 1,250±448 2.1 10-10-10 36 30
Cherif et al. 2008 [47] Tunisia SOB 32 Echo 29.3±1.2 1,227±188 2.6 48–96 10 for each dose, ECHO before next dose 45.6 19
SIB 32 28.3±1.1 1,198±158 2.5 10 for each dose, ECHO before next dose 45.6 19
Chotigeat et al. 2003 [48] Thailand SII 15 Echo & clinical 29.9±2.9 1,434±421 2.3 3.5±1.6 0.2-0.2-0.2 36 0.6
SOB 15 30.8±2.3 1,412±354 1.7 6.0±2.4 10-5-5 72 20
Christmann et al. 2002 [49] Netherlands SII 14 Echo & clinical 30.8±0.5 1,424±150 N/A 120.0±33.6 0.2–0.1–0.1 36 0.4
SIIdrip 18 29.4±0.5 1,150±77 96.0±16.8 0.011 mg/kg/h cont infusion 36 0.4
Dang et al. 2013 [50] China SOB 80 Echo 30.9±2.2 1,531±454 2.4 89.0±3.8 10-5-5 72 20
SOA 80 31.2±1.8 1,592±349 2.4 77.3±3.4 15 every 6 h 72 180
Dani et al. 2012 [52] Italy SIB 47 Echo 26±1.7 835±215 >1.5 12–24 10-5-5 72 20
HIB 48 25.6±1.8 781±225 20-10-10 72 40
Dash et al. 2015 [53] India SII 39 Echo 28.9±2.6 1,027±262 2.1 15.9±11.8 0.2-0.2-0.2 72 0.6
HOA 38 28.5±2.7 989±299 2.0 14.7±8.4 15 every 6 h 168 420
Ding et al. 2014 [55] China Plac 37 Echo 30.2±1.5 1,469±448 N/A >24 – – –
SOB 35 10-5-5 72 20
El Farrash et al. 2018 [56] Egypt SOB 30 Echo 31.7±1.9 1,740±470 2.5 188.4±143.0 10-5-5 72 20
SOA 30 30.5±1.6 1,530±560 2.2 145.2±126.2 15 every 6 h 72 180
El-Mashad et al. 2017 [57] Egypt SII 100 Echo & clinical 26.0±2.1 1,100±140 2.7 74.4±122.4 0.2-0.2-0.2 36 0.6
SIB 100 25.0±2.1 1,000±120 2.8 76.8±100.8 10-5-5 72 20
SIA 100 26.0±1.9 1,100±130 2.7 64.8±105.6 15 every 6 h 72 180
Erdeve et al. 2012 [58] Turkey SOB 40 Echo 26.4±1.1 892±117 >1.5 48–96 10-5-5 72 20
SIB 40 26.3±1.3 872±123 10-5-5 72 20
Fakhraee et al. 2007 [59] Iran SOI 18 Echo 30.9±2.0 1,522±358 >1.5 74.4±14.4 0.2-0.2-0.2 72 0.6
SOB 18 31.5±1.4 1,658±387 84.0±12.0 10-5-5 72 20
Fesharaki et al. 2012 [60] Iran SOB 30 Echo 30.9 1,324 N/A 72–120 10-5-5 72 20
HOB 30 29.8 1,300 15–7.5–7.5 72 30
Gersony et al. 1983 [61] USA Plac 281 Echo & clinical 29.32 1,109 N/A 0–336 – – –
SII 140 0.2-0.1-0.1 for age 2–7 days 0.2-0.25-0.25 for age ≥8 d 72 0.4–0.7
Ghanem et al. 2010 [63] Saudi Arabia Plac 33 Echo 28.9±2.7 1,047±403 2.2 57.6±21.6 – – –
SOB 33 28.8±2.8 1,035±353 2.3 60.0±14.4 10 for each dose, ECHO before next dose 34.8 12.25
Gimeno et al. 2005 [64] Spain SII 24 Echo 28.5 (27.0–30.0) 1,206±513 N/A 72 0.2-0.2-0.2 36 0.6
SIB 23 28.0 (24.0–31.0) 1,169±490 10-5-5 72 20
Gokmen et al. 2011 [65] Turkey SOB 54 Echo 28.5±1.9 1,170±297 >1.5 48–96 10-5-5 72 20
SIB 54 28.7±2.1 1,205±366 10-5-5 72 20
Hammerman and Aramburo 1990 [66] USA SII 19 Echo & clinical 27.0±7.0 1,040±394 N/A 240.0±120.0 0.2-0.2-0.2 72 0.6
HII 20 28.0±3.0 1,099±435 216.0±96.0 0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2 120 10
Hammerman et al. 1995 [67] Israel SII 9 Echo 29.0±2.0 1,200±300 N/A N/A 0.2-0.1-0.1 36 0.4
SIIdrip 9 28.0±2.0 1,100±200 0.011 mg/kg/h cont infusion 36 0.396
Hammerman et al. 2008 [68] Israel SIB 31 Echo 27.8±2.6 1,100 2.0 108.0 (55.2–184.0) 10-5-5 72 20
SIIdrip 33 27.8±2.8 1,060 2.0 88.8 (60.0–132.0) 0.017 mg/kg/h 36 0.612
Härkin et al. 2016 [69] Finland Plac 25 Echo & clinical 28.3±2.1 1,120±430 1.4 24 – – –
SIA 23 28.4±2.4 1,220±340 1.6 20 for 1st dose followed by 7.5 every 6 h 120 140
Hoxha et al. 2013 [70] Albania SOB 44 Echo 29.9 1,295 1.9 48–96 10 for each dose, ECHO before next dose 24–48 11.7
SIB 36 29.3 1,289 2.1 10 for each dose, ECHO before next dose 24–48 12.8
Kappa et al. 1983 [71] Finland Plac 14 Echo & clinical 32.5±3.1 2,119±625 N/A 18 (6.5–68) - - -
SOI 13 32.9±2.8 2,072±801 0.2 for each dose, clinical evaluation before next dose 24–48 0.28
Khuwuthyakorn et al. 2018 [72] Thailand SOI 17 Echo & clinical 28.0 (25.0–30.0) 930 (510–1,370) 2.9 60.0 (23.0–504.0) 0.2-0.1-0.1 for age<2 d 0.2-0.2-0.2 for age 2–7 days 0.2-0.25-0.25 for age>7 d 36 0.6
SOB 15 29.0 (24.0–32.0) 950 (520–1,360) 2.8 64.0 (24.0–332.0) 10-5-5 72 20
Kluckow et al. 2014 [73] Australia Plac 48 Echo & clinical 26.0±1.4 876±203 >1.8 mm at age 3–5 h, >1.6 mm at age 6–8 h, >1.3 mm at age 9–12 h 9.1±3.4 - -
SII 44 26.0±1.4 892±205 8.3±2.9 0.2–0.1–0.1 72 :
Krauss et al. 1989 [74] USA Plac 15 Echo & clinical N/A 1,022±58 N/A 72–96 - - -
SII 12 N/A 1,183±77 0.2-0.2-0.2 72 0.6
Lago et al. 2002 [76] Italy SII 81 Echo 29.0±3.0 1,214±427 N/A 48–72 0.2-0.2-0.2 72 0.6
SIB 94 28.0±2.0 1,126±412 10-5-5 36 20
Lago et al. 2014 [77] Italy SIB 56 Echo 27.4±2.7 1,027±346 2.5 79.2±24.0 10-5-5 72 20
SIBdrip 56 27.3±2.1 1,012±315 2.4 64.8±16.8 0.416–0.208–0.208 mg/kg/h 72 20
Lee et al. 2008 [78] Korea SII 18 Echo & clinical 29.4±2.6 1,290±360 >1.5 93.6±43.2 0.2-0.2-0.2 36 0.6
SOB 16 30.2±3.0 1,480±560 93.6±33.6 10-5-5 72 20
Lin et al. 2017 [80] Taiwan SII 75 Echo & clinical 26.3±1.6 812±160 1.9 79.2±33.6 0.2–0.1–0.1 72 0.4
SIB 75 26.2±1.7 801±153 1.8 76.8±48.0 10-5-5 72 20
Lin et al. 2012 [79] China Plac 32 Echo & clinical 30.8±2.3 1,350±221 >1.5 20.0±5.0 0
SOB 32 31.2±2.4 1,301 ±260 23.0±4.0 10-5-5 72 20
Merritt et al. 1981 [82] USA Plac 13 Echo & clinical N/A ≤1,350 >1.2 48.8 – – –
SII 12 167.4 0.2 for each dose, clinical & ECHO before next dose 36 0.3
Mosca et al. 1997 [83] Italy SII 8 Echo 28.0 (25.0–30.0) 820 (600–1,390) N/A 29.0 (5.0–120.0) 0.2–0.1–0.1 72 0.6
SIB 8 29.0 (37.0–31.0) 855 (620–1,620) 24.0 (10.0–53.0) 10-5-5 72 20
Mullet et al. 1982 [84] USA Plac 23 Echo & clinical 29.5 1,212 N/A 180.0 – – –
SOI 24 30.1 1,237 177.6 0.2–0.2 48 0.4
Nestrud et al. 1980 [85] Ark Plac 11 Echo & clinical 28.1±2.0 1,189±376 N/A 482.4±400.8 – – –
SOI 12 30.8±1.8 1,287±325 345.6±240.0 0.2 for each dose, clinical & ECHO before next dose 64.8 0.54
Neu et al. 1981 [86] USA Plac 10 Echo & clinical 29.3±0.6 1,142±80 N/A 218.4 – – –
SOI 11 0.25–0.25 48 0.5
Oncel et al. 2014 [88] Turkey SOB 45 Echo & clinical 27.3±2.1 973±224 2.2 48–96 10-5-5 72 20
SOA 45 27.3±1.7 931±217 2.4 15 every 6 h 72 180
Osborn et al. 2003 [89] Australia Plac 35 Echo 26.9±0.3 1,002±49 >1.6 4.3 (2.0–12.0) – – –
SII 35 26.7±0.3 958±43 0.2 for each dose, ECHO before next dose 24–48 0.2–0.4
Patel et al. 2000 [90] UK SII 15 Echo & clinical 26.7 (23.2–30.0) 838 (458–1,377) N/A 228.0±125.0 0.2-0.1-0.1 for age 2–7 days 0.2-0.25-0.25 for age ≥8 d 36 0.6
SIB 18 26 (23.9–35.0) 790 (620–2,780) 234.0±96.0 10-5-5 72 20
Pezzati et al. 1999 [91] Italy SII 8 Echo 29.5±2.6 1,277±440 N/A 33.2±5.4 0.2-0.1-0.1 72 0.6
SIB 9 29.1±2.1 1,151±426 31.9±4.5 10-5-5 72 20
Pourarian et al. 2008 [92] Iran SOI 10 Echo & clinical 33.2±3.1 1,720±630 N/A 153.6 (120.0–192.0) 0.2 for each dose, ECHO before next dose 72 0.2–0.6
SOB 10 31.3±4.4 1,860±402 132.0 (96.0–168.0) 10-5-5, ECHO before next dose 72 10–20
Pourarian et al. 2015 [93] Iran SOB 32 Echo 31.3±2.1 1,493±346 N/A 72–168 10-5-5 72 20
HOB 33 30.0±2.6 1,339±524 20–10–10 72 40
Rudd et al. 1983 [95] UK Plac 15 Echo & clinical 29.0±1.7 1,170±211 N/A 264±194.4 – – –
SOI 15 28.9±1.2 1,105±251 244.8±127.2 0.2 for each dose, ECHO before next dose 40.8 0.34
Salama et al. 2008 [96] Gatar SII 20 Echo & clinical 27.8±2.8 1,050±440 2.6 170.4±45.6 0.2-0.2-0.2 72 0.6
SOB 21 27.7±2.5 1,094±480 2.5 194.4±36.0 10-5-5 72 20
Su et al. 2003 [98] Taiwan SII 31 Echo 28.2±2.4 1,109±244 >1.5 117.6 (48.0–168.0) 0.2-0.2-0.2 36 0.6
SIB 32 28.7±2.2 1,134±200 98.4 (48.0–168.0) 10-5-5 72 20
Su et al. 2008 [97] Taiwan SII 59 Echo & clinical 25.0 (23.0–28.0) 762 (540–980) N/A 8.0 (3.0–24.0) 0.2-0.1-0.1 for age<48 h 0.2-0.2-0.2 for age>48 h ECHO before next dose 66 0.38
SIB 60 25.0 (23.0–28.0) 825 (550–990) 8.0 (4.0–21.0) 10-5-5, ECHO before next doses 54 16.25
Tammela et al. 1999 [100] Finland SII 31 Echo & clinical 27.9±2.3 1,154±388 N/A 103.2 (28.8–480.0) 0.2-0.1-0.1 72 0.6
HII 30 27.3±1.9 1,094±298 74.4 (24.0–168.0) 0.1 × 7 doses 168 0.7
VanOvermeire et al. 1997 [102] Belgium SII 20 Echo & clinical 6 28.7±1.9 1,210±360 2.5 74.4±12.0 0.2-0.2-0.2 36 0.6
SIB 20 29.0±2.4 1,270±450 2.6 76.8±9.6 10-5-5 72 20
VanOvermeire et al. 2000 [103] Belgium SII 74 Echo & clinical 6 29.0±2.1 1,230±380 2.5 74.4±12.0 0.2-0.2-0.2 36 0.6
SIB 74 29.0±2.3 1,230±390 2.5 74.4±14.4 10-5-5 72 20
Yadav et al. 2014 [104] India SOI 35 Echo 30.3±3.1 1,380±450 >1.5 240.0±146.16 0.2-0.2-0.2 for age<2–7 days 0.2-0.25-0.25 for age>7 d 72 0.6
SOB 48 29.7±3.2 1,440±450 236.0±144.9 10-5-5 72 20
Yanagi et al. 1981 [105] USA Plac 9 Echo 30.4±1.0 1,500±200 N/A 223.2±36.0 – – –
SOI 8 29.4±1.0 1,200±100 249.6±72.0 0.2-0.2-0.2 (only phase I) 72 0.6
Yang et al. 2016 [106] China SOB 43 Echo & clinical 33.4±2.1 2,091 ±657 1.8 139.2±48.0 10-5-5 72 20
SOA 44 33.6±2.1 2,219±606 2.1 153.6±43.2 15 every 6 h 72 180
Yeh et al. 1981 [107] USA Plac 27 Echo & clinical 30.2±2.3 1,167±354 N/A 261.6±146.4 – – –
SII 28 31.5±2.3 1,233±408 213.1±1272 0.3-0.3-0.3, clinical evaluation 43.2 before next dose 0.54
Dani et al. 2020 [51] Italy SIB SIA 52 58 Echo 28.4±2.0 28.2±1.4 1,068±278 1,022±266 N/A 46±16 46±15 10-5-5 15 every 6 h 72 72 20 180
Davidson et al. 2020 [54] USA SII 21 Echo 25.3±1.8 756±241 2.9±0.7 6.5 (4,9.3) 0.2-0.2-0.2 for age 2–7 days 0.2-0.25-0.25 for age>7 days 36 0.6
SIA 17 25.7±1.4 785±203 2.7±0.7 8.0 (7,11) 15 every 6 h 72 180
Ahranjani et al. 2020 [39] Iran SOB 25 Echo GA <37 weeks BW <2,599 g N/A <15 days 10-5-5 72 20
SIA 25 10 every 6 h 72 120
Ghaderian et al. 2019 [62] Iran SOB 20 Echo & clinical 30.8±1.9 1,230±182 ≥1.5 <14 days 10-5-5 72 20
SOA 20 30.4±2.1 1,126±200 15 every 6 h 72 180
Kumar et al. 2020 [75] India SOB 80 Echo & clinical 28.7±1.7 1,129±268 2.1 (1.9–2.5) 48–72 10-5-5 72 20
SOA 81 28.7±1.6 1,167±249 2.3 (1.8–2.6) 15 every 6 h 72 180
Meena et al. 2020 [81] India SOI 35 Echo & clinical 31.8±2.3 1,410±320 1.8±0.3 260±102 0.2-0.1-0.1 for age<2 days 0.2-0.2-0.2 for age 2–7 days 36 0.6
SOB 35 31.4±1.7 1,340±220 1.9±0.7 258±135 10-5-5 72 20
SIA 35 32.1 ±2.0 1,440±340 1.8±0.4 216±82 15 every 6 h 72 180
Oboodi et al. 2020 [87] Iran SOB 70 Echo & clinical 31.1±2.4 1,354±333 ≥1.5 130±57 10-5-5 72 20
SIA 70 31.0±2.9 1,334±513 128±96 15 every 6 h 72 180
Rahman et al. 2020 [94] Indonesia SOB 11 Echo & clinical 34.9±1.4 1,904±315 3.1±1.1 192±146 10-5-5 72 20
SOA 11 33.7±1.7 1,723±171 2.6±0.9 185±137 15 every 6 h 72 180
Sung et al. 2020 [99] Korea Plac 72 Echo 26.7±2.0 915±243 2.5±0.6 202±60 –
SOB 74 26.8±2.1 893±256 2.5±0.5 199±55 10-5-5 72 20
Tauber et al. 2020 [101] USA SIB 5 Echo 26.3±2.3 916±300 N/A 192±120 10-5-5 72 20
SIA 5 26.2±1.4 736±240 168±72 15 every 6 h 72 180

n, number of sample size; BW, birth weight; cont, continuous; d, day; DAO, descending aorta; g, gram; GA, gestational age; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; mm, millimeters; h, hours; mg, milligram; Kg, kilogram; Plac, placebo; SOI, a standard dose of oral indomethacin; HOI, a standard dose of oral indomethacin; SII, a standard dose of intravenous indomethacin; HII, a high dose of intravenous indomethacin; SMA, superior mesenteric artery; SOB, A standard dose of oral ibuprofen; HOB, A high dose of oral ibuprofen; SIB, A standard dose of intravenous ibuprofen; HIB, A high dose of intravenous ibuprofen; SOA, A standard dose of oral acetaminophen; HOA, A high dose of oral acetaminophen; SIA, A standard dose of intravenous acetaminophen; HIA, A high dose of intravenous acetaminophen; MPA, main pulmonary artery; SIIdrip, a standard dose and continuous infusion of indomethacin; SIBdrip, A standard dose and continuous infusion of ibuprofen; wks, weeks.