Table 2.

Univariate DID results.

GTFP	Control group	Experimental group	Diff
Before	0.0177	0.0034	−0.0143⁎⁎⁎ (−6.1011)
Post	0.0221	0.0394	0.0173⁎⁎⁎ (5.5563)
Diff1	0.0044 (0.4659)	0.0360 (0.5741)	0.0316⁎⁎⁎ (7.5676)

*, **, and *** denote significance levels of 10%, 5%, and 1%; t-values are in parentheses. Diff denotes the mean GTFP value of cities with high-speed rail minus the mean GTFP value of cities without high-speed rail; Diff1 denotes the mean GTFP value of cities in the Post period minus the mean GTFP value of cities in the Before period.