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. 2022 Dec 1;23:438–470. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.11.014

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© 2022 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 7 — An OMV-mRNA vaccine activates DCs via multiple TLR receptor pathways, and promotes cross-presentation of expressed antigens, thereby exerting profound anti-tumor effect. (a) A scheme for DC activation mechanism mediated by OMV-mRNA vaccine. (b) Schematic diagram of the composition of OMV-mRNA. (c) A TEM (transmission electron microscope) image of L7Ae-modified OMVs. Scale bar: 50 nm (d) The percentages of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)+ BMDCs (bone marrow-derived dendritic cells) transfected with different mRNA nanoformulations as indicated. (e–f) The maturation markers of CD86 (e) and CD80 (f) expressed on CD11c + DCs were analysed by flow cytometry after incubated with various nanoformulations. (g) The experimental timeline of mice inoculated intravenously with B16-OVA cells and vaccinated with different mRNA nanoformulations. Shown are the representative digital photos of resected lungs with tumor nodules and survival curves of mice [24].