Table 1.
Cells models used in the study of MPXV
| Cell/tissue type | Virus strain | Viral cultivation | Main applications | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vero | Congo-8 virus; VARV-UK-60/Ind-3a, MPXV-Copenhagen/Z79-I-005, VACV- Copenhagen, CPXV-Grishak, and ECTV-K-1 | Cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 or MEM supplemented with 2–10% fetal bovine serum, at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Some authors mentioned the use of antibiotics and antimycotics | Virus isolation, plaque-forming assay, virus amplification, infection characterization, evaluation of host responses, and evaluation of antiviral activity | (Marennikova et al.16; Rogers et al.17) |
| PEK, and HEP-2 | Congo-8 virus; VARV-UK-60, MPXV-Copenhagen/Liberia-1/Liberia-2/V-70 1 266 | a | Cell susceptibility | (Marennikova et al.16) |
| LLC-MK2 | MPXV-V79-1-005-Scab/Katako Kombe and MPXV-GFP | Cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 or OPTI-MEM-I supplemented with 2-10% fetal bovine serum, with antibiotics and antimycotics, at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Cells were infected with an MOI of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, or 1 and incubated for 1–8 days | Plaque-forming assay, neutral red uptake assay, MTT assay, virus amplification, virus isolation, infection characterization, evaluation of host responses, evaluation of antiviral activity, and siRNA transfection | (Baker et al.18; Alkhalil et al.19) |
| Vero 76 | MPXV-V79-1-005-Scab, VACV-Elstree/Copenhagen, CPXV-Marina/Brighton, and CMLV-Somalia | Cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 2 or 10% fetal bovine serum or Eagle’s EMEM with Hanks’ salts and 5% fetal calf serum, supplemented with antibiotics and antimycotics, at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Cells were infected with an MOI of 0.01–1 or with 100 plaque-forming units (p.f.u) of virus/well and incubated for 3–6 days | Plaque-forming assay, neutral red uptake assay, virus amplification, virus isolation, infection characterization, evaluation of host responses, and evaluation of antiviral activity | (Baker et al.18; Yang and Schneller,20; Smee et al.,21) |
| Vero E6 | MPXV-V79-1-005-Scab, MPXV-GFP-tdTR, Katako Kombe and MPXV-GFP | Cells were cultured in RPMI-1640, EMEM, or DMEM supplemented with 2%–10% fetal bovine serum, with antibiotics and antimycotics, at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Cells were infected with an MOI of 0.1 or 5 and incubated for 1–5 days | Plaque-forming assay, neutral red uptake assay, virus amplification, virus isolation, infection characterization, evaluation of host responses, evaluation of antiviral activity, and transfection | (Baker et al.18; Johnston et al.22; Alkhalil et al.19) |
| MA-104 | MPXV-GFP-tdTR/Z79-I-005 | Cells were cultured in MEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, with antibiotics and antimycotics, at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Cells were infected with an MOI of 0.01 or 5 and incubated for 24 h | Infection characterization, evaluation of host responses, evaluation of antiviral activity | (Johnston et al.22) |
| HeLa | MPXV-GFP-tdTR/Z79-I-005 CPXV-Brighton Red, VACV-WR-GFP/NLS/WR-A4-YFP/LUC and AKMV |
Cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 2%–10% fetal bovine serum or calf serum, at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Some authors mentioned the use of antibiotics and antimycotics. Cells were infected with an MOI of 0.01 or 5 and incubated for 16–24 h | MPXV isolation, plaque-forming assay, infection characterization, evaluation of host responses, evaluation of antiviral activity, immunofluorescent cell staining, transfection, IFN I response analysis | (Magnus et al.1; Johnston et al.22; Priyamvada et al.23; Fernández de Marco et al.24) |
| Balb/3T3 clone A31 | MPXV-Z79-I005, VARV-Copenhagen, CPXV-Brighton, and CMLV-Somalia | Cells were cultured in medium supplemented with 2% serum and infected with 100 plaque-forming units (p.f.u) of virus/well and incubated for 3–6 days | Plaque-forming assay, neutral red uptake assay, infection characterization, evaluation of host responses, evaluation of antiviral activity | (Smee et al.21) |
| BSC-40 | MPXV-V79-1-005-Scab)/V70-I-266/V78-I-3945/V81-I-179/V77-I-823/V1979-I-005/2003-RCG-358/2003-USA-039/2003-USA-044/RCG2003-RCG-358, VARV-SOM77-ali/NEP73-175/BSH74-sol/SUD47-juba/SLN68-258/BRZ66-39, CPXV-Brighton Red, VACV-WR-GFP/NLS/WR-A4-YFP/LUC, and AKMV |
Cells were cultured at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere, in Opti-MEM (Invitrogen) or DMEM/RPMI-1640 supplemented with 2%–10% fetal bovine serum, antibiotics, and antimycotics. Cells were infected with an MOI of 0.1 or 10 PFU/cell and incubated for 2–5 days | Plaque-forming assay, neutral red uptake assay, virus amplification, infection characterization, evaluation of host responses, evaluation of antiviral activity, transfection | (Baker et al.18; Smith et al.25; Priyamvada et al.23; Fernández de Marco et al.24; Fogg et al.26) |
| BSC-1 | CPXV-Brighton/GER_1990_2/GER_1991_3/GER_2002_MKY/CPXV-Br (ATCC VR-302)/CPXV-GFP, MPXV-Z76/Z79-I-005/MSF6 B16R, VACV -WR (ATCC VR-1354)/IHD-J/MVA (ATCC VR-1508)/WR B18, VARV-BSH1975 B17R |
DMEM, RPMI supplemented with 2%–10% fetal bovine Serum or with 5%–10% fetal calf serum. Cells were infected with an MOI of 0.01 or 1 | Plaque-forming assay, infection characterization, analysis of the virus-cell fusion process, evaluation of host responses, evaluation of antiviral activity, and yield reduction assay | (Altmann et al.27,28; Bengali et al.29; Fernández de Marco et al.24) |
| A549 | MPXV 2003-USA-044/RCG2003-RCG-358 | DMEM with 5%–10% fetal calf serum | Transfection, IFN-III response analysis | (Fernández de Marco et al.24) |
| RK 13 | MPXV WR-7-61 | Cells were maintained in MEM supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum, at 37°C with 5% CO2 | Plaque-forming assay | (Arndt et al.30) |
a
Not reported; VARV: variola virus; MPXV: monkeypox virus; VACV: vaccinia virus; CPXV: cowpox virus; ECTV: ectromelia virus; CMLV: camelpox virus; AKMV: Akhmeta virus; MOI: MOI; p.f.u: plaque formation unit.