FIGURE 1.

Maternal prenatal IFN‐γ:IL‐13 relates to differences in the CBMC methylome. (A) Differentially methylated CBMC CpGs associated with Q1 versus Q2‐4. The x‐ and y‐axes represent the log₂(fold change) and significance, respectively, for differential methylation at each CpG. The dashed line marks the threshold of significance [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05]. The most significant DMCs are annotated with their gene symbol (or CpG identifier). (B) Modules identified by hierarchical clustering of maternal prenatal IFN‐γ:IL‐13 Q1 vs. Q2‐4‐associated DMCs (n = 2316) using WGCNA. Distinct modules are denoted by colors represented in the bar below the dendrogram. Gray represents DMCs that did not cluster into a module. (C) Relationships between maternal prenatal IFN‐γ:IL‐13–associated methylation modules at birth and asthma‐related phenotypes in childhood. The table shows Spearman correlation coefficients and p‐values for relationships between module eigengene vectors and asthma‐associated clinical traits. Only modules with >10 CpGs are shown. Bolded associations remained significant after Bonferroni correction (p = .05/14 = .0036). (D) Asthma risk among children with high or low TRQ module eigenvalues at birth (divided at “0”), as determined by logistic regression.